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The magnitude of STDs other than HIV in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors has not been well assessed in the scientific literature. Similarly, the profile of effective STD risk-reduction interventions for drug users is limited because few interventions have been developed beyond HIV prevention to reduce the risk for the sexual transmission of bacterial and viral STDs in this population. The lack of data on STDs in drug users and on relevant interventions is in marked contrast to the extensive literature on hepatitis B and C(1–4) and HIV (5–8) in drug users.

We aim in this chapter to review and summarize the literature on STDs (excluding HIV) in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors and to describe the existing profile of STD-related prevention and control activities specific to drug users. We review three bacterial STDs—syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia—and two viral STDs—hepatitis B and genital herpes. We focus primarily on the scientific studies conducted with heterosexual drug users in the United States, that were published between 1995 and early 2005. Although control of infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is important for control of cervical cancer, it is worthwhile noting that only two studies were found that mentioned HPV among drug users (9,10), despite the imminent and recent availability of a vaccine for HPV.

The magnitude of STDs other than HIV in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors has not been well assessed in the scientific literature. Similarly, the profile of effective STD risk-reduction interventions for drug users is limited because few interventions have been developed beyond HIV prevention to reduce the risk for the sexual transmission of bacterial and viral STDs in this population. The lack of data on STDs in drug users and on relevant interventions is in marked contrast to the extensive literature on hepatitis B and C(1–4) and HIV (5–8) in drug users.

We aim in this chapter to review and summarize the literature on STDs (excluding HIV) in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors and to describe the existing profile of STD-related prevention and control activities specific to drug users. We review three bacterial STDs—syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia—and two viral STDs—hepatitis B and genital herpes. We focus primarily on the scientific studies conducted with heterosexual drug users in the United States, that were published between 1995 and early 2005. Although control of infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is important for control of cervical cancer, it is worthwhile noting that only two studies were found that mentioned HPV among drug users (9,10), despite the imminent and recent availability of a vaccine for HPV.

The magnitude of STDs other than HIV in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors has not been well assessed in the scientific literature. Similarly, the profile of effective STD risk-reduction interventions for drug users is limited because few interventions have been developed beyond HIV prevention to reduce the risk for the sexual transmission of bacterial and viral STDs in this population. The lack of data on STDs in drug users and on relevant interventions is in marked contrast to the extensive literature on hepatitis B and C(1–4) and HIV (5–8) in drug users.

We aim in this chapter to review and summarize the literature on STDs (excluding HIV) in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors and to describe the existing profile of STD-related prevention and control activities specific to drug users. We review three bacterial STDs—syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia—and two viral STDs—hepatitis B and genital herpes. We focus primarily on the scientific studies conducted with heterosexual drug users in the United States, that were published between 1995 and early 2005. Although control of infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is important for control of cervical cancer, it is worthwhile noting that only two studies were found that mentioned HPV among drug users (9,10), despite the imminent and recent availability of a vaccine for HPV.

The magnitude of STDs other than HIV in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors has not been well assessed in the scientific literature. Similarly, the profile of effective STD risk-reduction interventions for drug users is limited because few interventions have been developed beyond HIV prevention to reduce the risk for the sexual transmission of bacterial and viral STDs in this population. The lack of data on STDs in drug users and on relevant interventions is in marked contrast to the extensive literature on hepatitis B and C(1–4) and HIV (5–8) in drug users.

We aim in this chapter to review and summarize the literature on STDs (excluding HIV) in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors and to describe the existing profile of STD-related prevention and control activities specific to drug users. We review three bacterial STDs—syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia—and two viral STDs—hepatitis B and genital herpes. We focus primarily on the scientific studies conducted with heterosexual drug users in the United States, that were published between 1995 and early 2005. Although control of infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is important for control of cervical cancer, it is worthwhile noting that only two studies were found that mentioned HPV among drug users (9,10), despite the imminent and recent availability of a vaccine for HPV.

The magnitude of STDs other than HIV in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors has not been well assessed in the scientific literature. Similarly, the profile of effective STD risk-reduction interventions for drug users is limited because few interventions have been developed beyond HIV prevention to reduce the risk for the sexual transmission of bacterial and viral STDs in this population. The lack of data on STDs in drug users and on relevant interventions is in marked contrast to the extensive literature on hepatitis B and C(1–4) and HIV (5–8) in drug users.

We aim in this chapter to review and summarize the literature on STDs (excluding HIV) in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors and to describe the existing profile of STD-related prevention and control activities specific to drug users. We review three bacterial STDs—syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia—and two viral STDs—hepatitis B and genital herpes. We focus primarily on the scientific studies conducted with heterosexual drug users in the United States, that were published between 1995 and early 2005. Although control of infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is important for control of cervical cancer, it is worthwhile noting that only two studies were found that mentioned HPV among drug users (9,10), despite the imminent and recent availability of a vaccine for HPV.

The magnitude of STDs other than HIV in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors has not been well assessed in the scientific literature. Similarly, the profile of effective STD risk-reduction interventions for drug users is limited because few interventions have been developed beyond HIV prevention to reduce the risk for the sexual transmission of bacterial and viral STDs in this population. The lack of data on STDs in drug users and on relevant interventions is in marked contrast to the extensive literature on hepatitis B and C(1–4) and HIV (5–8) in drug users.

We aim in this chapter to review and summarize the literature on STDs (excluding HIV) in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors and to describe the existing profile of STD-related prevention and control activities specific to drug users. We review three bacterial STDs—syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia—and two viral STDs—hepatitis B and genital herpes. We focus primarily on the scientific studies conducted with heterosexual drug users in the United States, that were published between 1995 and early 2005. Although control of infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is important for control of cervical cancer, it is worthwhile noting that only two studies were found that mentioned HPV among drug users (9,10), despite the imminent and recent availability of a vaccine for HPV.

The magnitude of STDs other than HIV in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors has not been well assessed in the scientific literature. Similarly, the profile of effective STD risk-reduction interventions for drug users is limited because few interventions have been developed beyond HIV prevention to reduce the risk for the sexual transmission of bacterial and viral STDs in this population. The lack of data on STDs in drug users and on relevant interventions is in marked contrast to the extensive literature on hepatitis B and C(1–4) and HIV (5–8) in drug users.

We aim in this chapter to review and summarize the literature on STDs (excluding HIV) in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors and to describe the existing profile of STD-related prevention and control activities specific to drug users. We review three bacterial STDs—syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia—and two viral STDs—hepatitis B and genital herpes. We focus primarily on the scientific studies conducted with heterosexual drug users in the United States, that were published between 1995 and early 2005. Although control of infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is important for control of cervical cancer, it is worthwhile noting that only two studies were found that mentioned HPV among drug users (9,10), despite the imminent and recent availability of a vaccine for HPV.

The magnitude of STDs other than HIV in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors has not been well assessed in the scientific literature. Similarly, the profile of effective STD risk-reduction interventions for drug users is limited because few interventions have been developed beyond HIV prevention to reduce the risk for the sexual transmission of bacterial and viral STDs in this population. The lack of data on STDs in drug users and on relevant interventions is in marked contrast to the extensive literature on hepatitis B and C(1–4) and HIV (5–8) in drug users.

We aim in this chapter to review and summarize the literature on STDs (excluding HIV) in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors and to describe the existing profile of STD-related prevention and control activities specific to drug users. We review three bacterial STDs—syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia—and two viral STDs—hepatitis B and genital herpes. We focus primarily on the scientific studies conducted with heterosexual drug users in the United States, that were published between 1995 and early 2005. Although control of infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is important for control of cervical cancer, it is worthwhile noting that only two studies were found that mentioned HPV among drug users (9,10), despite the imminent and recent availability of a vaccine for HPV.

The magnitude of STDs other than HIV in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors has not been well assessed in the scientific literature. Similarly, the profile of effective STD risk-reduction interventions for drug users is limited because few interventions have been developed beyond HIV prevention to reduce the risk for the sexual transmission of bacterial and viral STDs in this population. The lack of data on STDs in drug users and on relevant interventions is in marked contrast to the extensive literature on hepatitis B and C(1–4) and HIV (5–8) in drug users.

We aim in this chapter to review and summarize the literature on STDs (excluding HIV) in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors and to describe the existing profile of STD-related prevention and control activities specific to drug users. We review three bacterial STDs—syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia—and two viral STDs—hepatitis B and genital herpes. We focus primarily on the scientific studies conducted with heterosexual drug users in the United States, that were published between 1995 and early 2005. Although control of infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is important for control of cervical cancer, it is worthwhile noting that only two studies were found that mentioned HPV among drug users (9,10), despite the imminent and recent availability of a vaccine for HPV.

The magnitude of STDs other than HIV in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors has not been well assessed in the scientific literature. Similarly, the profile of effective STD risk-reduction interventions for drug users is limited because few interventions have been developed beyond HIV prevention to reduce the risk for the sexual transmission of bacterial and viral STDs in this population. The lack of data on STDs in drug users and on relevant interventions is in marked contrast to the extensive literature on hepatitis B and C(1–4) and HIV (5–8) in drug users.

We aim in this chapter to review and summarize the literature on STDs (excluding HIV) in drug users who engage in heterosexual behaviors and to describe the existing profile of STD-related prevention and control activities specific to drug users. We review three bacterial STDs—syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia—and two viral STDs—hepatitis B and genital herpes. We focus primarily on the scientific studies conducted with heterosexual drug users in the United States, that were published between 1995 and early 2005. Although control of infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is important for control of cervical cancer, it is worthwhile noting that only two studies were found that mentioned HPV among drug users (9,10), despite the imminent and recent availability of a vaccine for HPV.