Catálogo de publicaciones - libros

Compartir en
redes sociales


Título de Acceso Abierto

Interface Oral Health Science 2014

Resumen/Descripción – provisto por la editorial

No disponible.

Palabras clave – provistas por la editorial

dentistry; oral and maxillofacial surgery; regenerative medicine; tissue engineering

Disponibilidad
Institución detectada Año de publicación Navegá Descargá Solicitá
No requiere 2016 Directory of Open access Books acceso abierto
No requiere 2016 SpringerLink acceso abierto

Información

Tipo de recurso:

libros

ISBN impreso

978-3-319-28110-0

ISBN electrónico

978-3-319-28112-4

Editor responsable

Springer Nature

País de edición

Reino Unido

Fecha de publicación

Tabla de contenidos

Balanced Urban Development: Is It a Myth or Reality?

Basant Maheshwari; Vijay P. Singh; Bhadranie Thoradeniya

A major challenge we face globally is that cities are growing rapidly and most of this growth is inevitably is occurring in peri-urban areas. The concept of balanced urban development is complex and is linked to liveability of urban areas along with water, food and energy security. Increasingly, liveability is becoming important for urban planners and governments at all levels. There are many environmental, economic, political and social challenges if the goals of achieving sustainable, liveable and productive urban regions are to be achieved. The concept of sustainable development and liveable cities symbolise the big visionary ideas for urban planning and balanced development but implementation of these popular visions can encounter a host of conflicts due to a range of interests and stakeholders involved. The process of achieving balanced urban development may require learning from the past successes and mistakes to identify what makes a good practice for balanced urban development and guide local governments, planning agencies and developers to plan and design future cities that are highly liveable. At present there is insufficient policy focus on the challenges of the peri-urban areas of growing mega-urban regions around the world, because they are not recognised as an integral part of the functional activities that drive the growth of these urban areas. Thus, policies for peri-urban regions have to be given priority at both national and global levels, if ‘globally just urban places’ are to emerge.

Part I - Introduction | Pp. 3-13

Re-Ruralising the Urban Edge: Lessons from Europe, USA & the Global South

Helen Armstrong; Abby Mellick Lopes

Major cities of the world are characterised as either growing cities, such as in Asia and Australia, or shrinking cities as in Europe and North America. Growing cities are destroying their rural edge while shrinking cities are creating a new rural urbanism, often in their urban centre. This chapter describes the instrumentality of design and its enabling function in achieving new typologies for peri-/inter-urban rural land with key drivers being state-of-the-art technology and mapping techniques. Peri-urban economics require new land-tenure models and innovative forms of agriculture that synthesise agriculture, nature conservation, infrastructure and communities. The chapter also looks at small-scale community innovations including a number of initiatives in Penrith, Western Sydney, such as which explored community activities in local open space, Penrith as with diverse models of urban agriculture and the project which explores the role that forms of urban agriculture might play in adapting urban environments for liveability in a climate-changed future. Findings from these projects reveal the potential of mobile infrastructure and temporary urbanism for Western Sydney.

Part II - Peri-Urbansation | Pp. 17-27

Nimbyism and Nature: Whose Backyard Is It Anyway?

Jennifer Scott; Marnie Kikken; Michelle Rose; Penny Colyer

The Ku-ring-gai community have long expressed a strong desire to keep their suburbs green. When asked, most people comment that they moved to the area to live in a bushland setting. Given this enduring set of values, it is interesting that Council spends a great deal of time fielding complaints from residents about nature’s miscreants, those birds, animals and plants that fail to respect property boundaries or intrude into the lives of residents in the bushland interface areas. This paper examines one such dilemma challenging public land managers; when people and nature come into conflict. The issue in question is that of a long standing flying fox camp in Ku-ring-gai and the problems arising from the close proximity of these animals to local residents. It is a debate that has passionate proponents on both sides.

The flying fox management issue provides an insight into the juxtaposition between people who want to live close to nature but on strictly human terms. The strategies proposed to keep the peace between the residents and the champions of the flying fox is an instructive environmental management example that is likely to become increasingly common as pressure on the remaining natural resources in urban areas continues to rise.

Part II - Peri-Urbansation | Pp. 29-43

Connecting Urban and Rural Futures Through Rural Design

Dewey Thorbeck; John Troughton

Urbanisation has been accelerating around the globe as people move from rural areas to urban areas for economic advancement creating urban development that sprawls into the countryside, eliminating much of the best farmland surrounding cities. By 2050 there may be another 2.5 billion people on the planet with 100 million more in the United States and Australia’s population may increase by 13 million or more. Urban design and planning has attempted to shape urban development as cities have expanded, but it has done so primarily from an urban perspective. Areas of transition from rural to urban and land uses at the urban/rural edge in the peri-urban landscape require the lens of spatial arrangement from both urban and rural perspectives to shape, manage, and preserve the ecosystems that people depend upon.

Part II - Peri-Urbansation | Pp. 45-55

Archaeology and Contemporary Dynamics for More Sustainable, Resilient Cities in the Peri-Urban Interface

David Simon; Andrew Adam-Bradford

Understanding of urban fringes or peri-urban interfaces (PUIs) as zones characterised by rapid transitional change and sprawling urbanisation has increased markedly over recent years. Archaeological evidence also illustrates the pivotal role that peri-urban zones once played in the survivability of ancient urban centres. Over the last three decades, urban growth and associated transitional changes have accelerated in most regions, producing major challenges to the development of resilient cities capable of absorbing climatic, economic and environmental shocks. Globalised processes of industrialisation and market interdependence have remoulded urban fringes, bringing increased environmental impacts, including the loss of natural resources and environmental buffers now recognised as essential for urban resilience. Furthermore, ongoing global environmental change (GEC) and increasing socio-economic inequality are generating new priorities as peri-urban zones consolidate, erode and shift outwards. Given the inadequacies of existing frameworks, we advocate a hybrid approach to PUI planning and design that draws on integrated, agropolitan-type perspectives embedded within a resilient, locally appropriate regional-urban focus within broader socio-spatial and geo-economic systems. Diverse historical and contemporary examples inform the discussion of the PUI planning and design and the identification of policy recommendations for a hybrid planning approach based on adaptive capacity and resilience.

Part II - Peri-Urbansation | Pp. 57-83

Decontamination of Urban Run-Off: Importance and Methods

Leo Crasti

The removal of contaminants from urban run-off waters is vital to preserving the health of urban communities that live in contact with and around the receiving waters. The apparatus developed is a Stormwater Screening and Filtration Unit (SSFU), which embodies a series of processes for the removal and retention of trash and litter, sediment, suspended solids, emulsified hydrocarbons, dissolved nutrients (both Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus), heavy metals and other chemicals as required by the run-off water composition and the receiving water quality of a specific catchment.

In addition to a small foot print and negligible installation time, the implementation of an SSFU as the sole method of contaminant removal from runoff, can reduce capital expenditure often by more than 60 % and reduce on-going service cost by over 80 %, when compared to the implementation of conventional multiple treatment measures in a treatment train as a means of meeting pollution reduce targets.

The SSFU is available to integrate with various applications, ranging from in-line drainage lines, as a pre-process within on-site detention (OSD), discharge outlets to wetlands or receiving waters and with the addition of passive secondary media can remove even fine silts and chemicals prior to harvesting and aquifer re-charge.

Part II - Peri-Urbansation | Pp. 85-107

Socio-Economy of Peri-Urban Areas: The Case of Lisbon Metropolitan Area

Maria Fátima de Ferreiro; Sebastião Santos; Pedro Costa; Teresa Costa Pinto; Conceição Colaço

The chapter presents typologies of peri-urban areas of Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) regarding social and economic dimensions. These typologies are the outcome of a trans-disciplinary research developed by the project PERI-URBAN involving different Portuguese universities, crossing academic fields and integrating the knowledge of stakeholders from diverse institutional and territorial (local and regional) backgrounds. By bridging science and society, trans-disciplinarity allows the translation of knowledge acquired in research into useful and relevant information for planners and decision-makers. The analysis reveals diverse socioeconomic realities demanding different and specific political approaches envisaging sustainable peri-urban territories in a changing world. The socioeconomy of peri-urban areas considers identities and lifestyle issues (e.g., age, family patterns, living and working conditions) and economic characteristics (e.g., main economic activities, economic organisation and structuring, attractiveness). The influence of a metropolitan area is expressed by continuing investments in peripheral areas that offer sources of labour and natural resources such as land. The presence of industries, services, logistics and distribution platforms, enterprises, housing, big store chains, etc., constitutes manifestations of this realm. Plus, and in parallel, the coexistence of a rural-agriculture matrix establishes a hybrid territory where distinct activities co-exist defining distinct degrees of specialisation/diversity of the economic tissue.

Part III - Peri-Urban Culture and Socio-economy | Pp. 111-121

Changing Economic Scenario of the Peri-Urban Area of Udaipur City, India

P. S. Rao; Hari Singh; R. C. Purohit

The demographic data of the last few decades revealed an increasing tendency of urbanisation in many states in India, including Rajasthan. The rural:urban ratio of the population which remained 80:20 in 1971 changed to 69:31 in 2011. The high growth rate of the population in urban areas increased the urban demand for agricultural commodities on one hand and widened the demand for land for the construction of houses, roads and other civil amenities on the other hand. With the expansion of urban areas, the adjoining rural areas are changed to peri-urban in terms of facilities, amenities and lifestyle. Evidently, there is a visible tremendous expansion in the value addition of land in the peri-urban area of the city of Udaipur. The present study is aimed to ascertain the changing scenario of land utilisation, change in farming system, and composition of household income in peri-urban areas.

The study revealed that urban coverage in Udaipur has increased from 17 km in 1946 to 221 km in 2011, while the density of population in the city area has been found to decline from 4347 persons per km in 1946 to 3773 persons per km in 2011. This is because more than 25 % plots in the urban limit are left idle after the conversion of land for residential purposes, which are owned by the people only for value addition and protected by boundary walls. This area is neither used for construction of houses nor for crop production. Large numbers of small land holders residing in the periphery of urban areas generally sold their land and purchased land 40–50 km away from the city areas. The study further revealed that farmers who partially sold their land in peri-urban areas of the city are mostly cultivating vegetables and dairy enterprises on their remaining holdings. These farmers are getting 446 days of employment and Rs. 3.52 lacs as income per year from both the enterprises. The farmers who did not sell their land area at all are getting 694 days employment and Rs. 4.72 lacs as income per year, while farmers who sold their total land area for residential purposes to the urban people have their income reduced up to Rs. 1.47 lacs and are getting negligible employment.

Part III - Peri-Urban Culture and Socio-economy | Pp. 123-134

Community Stakeholder Viewpoints on Issues of Urbanisation Along the River Ma Oya, Sri Lanka

Bhadranie Thoradeniya; Malik Ranasinghe

Rivers situated in peri-urban landscapes are prime natural resource bases supplying the construction industry associated with urbanisation. The study analyses and presents the river Ma Oya community stakeholders views on the impacts of river resource uses. Systematic stakeholder consultations revealed that while the river is the source for water supply for many cities, sand and clay mining for construction industry and dumping waste are the major sectors causing negative impacts. Essential remedial measures proposed are fair and effective intervention of Government authorities, stakeholder (including politicians) education together with technical measures and economic instruments to internalize the externalities caused by social and environmental degradation.

Part III - Peri-Urban Culture and Socio-economy | Pp. 135-149

The Role of Peri-Urban Land Use Planning in Resilient Urban Agriculture: A Case Study of Melbourne, Australia

Michael Buxton; Rachel Carey; Kath Phelan

Peri-urban agricultural production remains important globally and its value will increase as the impacts of climate change, energy costs, rising world population and changing patterns of food consumption are felt. Maintaining the natural resource base for food production around cities will become an increasingly important part of city planning. Yet peri-urban areas continue to undergo radical change over much of the world, displacing traditional agriculture and reducing the capacity of cities to adapt to non-linear change. Urban resilience is best maintained through a regional approach which connects urban and peri-urban systems. Such system relationships are examined in a case study focused on the city of Melbourne in South-East Australia. Peri-urban Melbourne produces a significant proportion of the fruit and vegetables grown in the state of Victoria, but agricultural production on the city’s outer fringe is under pressure from rapid urban development. This case study examines three scenarios which relate rural and urban land supply and demand, and explore land use planning techniques for limiting rural land development and transferring demand for rural land to regional settlements. It argues that stronger statutory planning measures are required to stem the loss of peri-urban agricultural land and that these will need to be accompanied in future by a range of other strategies to strengthen the resilience of city food systems.

Part IV - Peri-Urban Landuse Planning | Pp. 153-170