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The Libyan Economy: Economic Diversification and International Repositioning

Waniss A. Otman Erling Karlberg

Resumen/Descripción – provisto por la editorial

No disponible.

Palabras clave – provistas por la editorial

Economic Policy; Development Economics; Political Science

Disponibilidad
Institución detectada Año de publicación Navegá Descargá Solicitá
No detectada 2007 SpringerLink

Información

Tipo de recurso:

libros

ISBN impreso

978-3-540-46460-0

ISBN electrónico

978-3-540-46463-1

Editor responsable

Springer Nature

País de edición

Reino Unido

Fecha de publicación

Información sobre derechos de publicación

© Springer 2007

Tabla de contenidos

An Introduction to Libya

Waniss A. Otman; Erling Karlberg

Understanding the self-regulatory mechanisms controlling the spatial and temporal structure of multicellular organisms represents one of the major challenges in molecular biology. In the context of plants, shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which are populations of dividing, undifferentiated cells that generate organs at the tips of stems and branches throughout the life of a plant, are of particular interest and currently studied intensively. Here, one key goal is to identify the genetic regulatory network organizing the structure of a SAM and generating the corresponding spatial gene expression patterns.

This paper addresses one step in the design of SAM models based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs): parameter estimation for spatial pattern formation. We assume that the topology of the genetic regulatory network is given, while the parameters of an ODE system need to be determined such that a particular stable pattern over the SAM cell population emerges. To this end, we propose an evolutionary algorithm-based approach and investigate different ways to improve the efficiency of the search process. Preliminary results are presented for the Brusselator, a well-known reaction-diffusion system.

Pp. 1-27

Libya’s Foreign Policy and External Relations

Waniss A. Otman; Erling Karlberg

Understanding the self-regulatory mechanisms controlling the spatial and temporal structure of multicellular organisms represents one of the major challenges in molecular biology. In the context of plants, shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which are populations of dividing, undifferentiated cells that generate organs at the tips of stems and branches throughout the life of a plant, are of particular interest and currently studied intensively. Here, one key goal is to identify the genetic regulatory network organizing the structure of a SAM and generating the corresponding spatial gene expression patterns.

This paper addresses one step in the design of SAM models based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs): parameter estimation for spatial pattern formation. We assume that the topology of the genetic regulatory network is given, while the parameters of an ODE system need to be determined such that a particular stable pattern over the SAM cell population emerges. To this end, we propose an evolutionary algorithm-based approach and investigate different ways to improve the efficiency of the search process. Preliminary results are presented for the Brusselator, a well-known reaction-diffusion system.

Pp. 29-62

The Libyan Legal System and Key Recent Legislation

Waniss A. Otman; Erling Karlberg

Understanding the self-regulatory mechanisms controlling the spatial and temporal structure of multicellular organisms represents one of the major challenges in molecular biology. In the context of plants, shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which are populations of dividing, undifferentiated cells that generate organs at the tips of stems and branches throughout the life of a plant, are of particular interest and currently studied intensively. Here, one key goal is to identify the genetic regulatory network organizing the structure of a SAM and generating the corresponding spatial gene expression patterns.

This paper addresses one step in the design of SAM models based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs): parameter estimation for spatial pattern formation. We assume that the topology of the genetic regulatory network is given, while the parameters of an ODE system need to be determined such that a particular stable pattern over the SAM cell population emerges. To this end, we propose an evolutionary algorithm-based approach and investigate different ways to improve the efficiency of the search process. Preliminary results are presented for the Brusselator, a well-known reaction-diffusion system.

Pp. 63-86

Social Policy and Trends

Waniss A. Otman; Erling Karlberg

Understanding the self-regulatory mechanisms controlling the spatial and temporal structure of multicellular organisms represents one of the major challenges in molecular biology. In the context of plants, shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which are populations of dividing, undifferentiated cells that generate organs at the tips of stems and branches throughout the life of a plant, are of particular interest and currently studied intensively. Here, one key goal is to identify the genetic regulatory network organizing the structure of a SAM and generating the corresponding spatial gene expression patterns.

This paper addresses one step in the design of SAM models based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs): parameter estimation for spatial pattern formation. We assume that the topology of the genetic regulatory network is given, while the parameters of an ODE system need to be determined such that a particular stable pattern over the SAM cell population emerges. To this end, we propose an evolutionary algorithm-based approach and investigate different ways to improve the efficiency of the search process. Preliminary results are presented for the Brusselator, a well-known reaction-diffusion system.

Pp. 87-149

Infrastructure in Libya

Waniss A. Otman; Erling Karlberg

Understanding the self-regulatory mechanisms controlling the spatial and temporal structure of multicellular organisms represents one of the major challenges in molecular biology. In the context of plants, shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which are populations of dividing, undifferentiated cells that generate organs at the tips of stems and branches throughout the life of a plant, are of particular interest and currently studied intensively. Here, one key goal is to identify the genetic regulatory network organizing the structure of a SAM and generating the corresponding spatial gene expression patterns.

This paper addresses one step in the design of SAM models based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs): parameter estimation for spatial pattern formation. We assume that the topology of the genetic regulatory network is given, while the parameters of an ODE system need to be determined such that a particular stable pattern over the SAM cell population emerges. To this end, we propose an evolutionary algorithm-based approach and investigate different ways to improve the efficiency of the search process. Preliminary results are presented for the Brusselator, a well-known reaction-diffusion system.

Pp. 151-171

The Rationale for Libyan Privatization

Waniss A. Otman; Erling Karlberg

Understanding the self-regulatory mechanisms controlling the spatial and temporal structure of multicellular organisms represents one of the major challenges in molecular biology. In the context of plants, shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which are populations of dividing, undifferentiated cells that generate organs at the tips of stems and branches throughout the life of a plant, are of particular interest and currently studied intensively. Here, one key goal is to identify the genetic regulatory network organizing the structure of a SAM and generating the corresponding spatial gene expression patterns.

This paper addresses one step in the design of SAM models based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs): parameter estimation for spatial pattern formation. We assume that the topology of the genetic regulatory network is given, while the parameters of an ODE system need to be determined such that a particular stable pattern over the SAM cell population emerges. To this end, we propose an evolutionary algorithm-based approach and investigate different ways to improve the efficiency of the search process. Preliminary results are presented for the Brusselator, a well-known reaction-diffusion system.

Pp. 173-245

Libya’s Investment Potential and Trade Blocs

Waniss A. Otman; Erling Karlberg

Understanding the self-regulatory mechanisms controlling the spatial and temporal structure of multicellular organisms represents one of the major challenges in molecular biology. In the context of plants, shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which are populations of dividing, undifferentiated cells that generate organs at the tips of stems and branches throughout the life of a plant, are of particular interest and currently studied intensively. Here, one key goal is to identify the genetic regulatory network organizing the structure of a SAM and generating the corresponding spatial gene expression patterns.

This paper addresses one step in the design of SAM models based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs): parameter estimation for spatial pattern formation. We assume that the topology of the genetic regulatory network is given, while the parameters of an ODE system need to be determined such that a particular stable pattern over the SAM cell population emerges. To this end, we propose an evolutionary algorithm-based approach and investigate different ways to improve the efficiency of the search process. Preliminary results are presented for the Brusselator, a well-known reaction-diffusion system.

Pp. 247-279

Economic Reform and Diversification

Waniss A. Otman; Erling Karlberg

Understanding the self-regulatory mechanisms controlling the spatial and temporal structure of multicellular organisms represents one of the major challenges in molecular biology. In the context of plants, shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which are populations of dividing, undifferentiated cells that generate organs at the tips of stems and branches throughout the life of a plant, are of particular interest and currently studied intensively. Here, one key goal is to identify the genetic regulatory network organizing the structure of a SAM and generating the corresponding spatial gene expression patterns.

This paper addresses one step in the design of SAM models based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs): parameter estimation for spatial pattern formation. We assume that the topology of the genetic regulatory network is given, while the parameters of an ODE system need to be determined such that a particular stable pattern over the SAM cell population emerges. To this end, we propose an evolutionary algorithm-based approach and investigate different ways to improve the efficiency of the search process. Preliminary results are presented for the Brusselator, a well-known reaction-diffusion system.

Pp. 281-320

The Libyan Energy and Mining Sector

Waniss A. Otman; Erling Karlberg

Understanding the self-regulatory mechanisms controlling the spatial and temporal structure of multicellular organisms represents one of the major challenges in molecular biology. In the context of plants, shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which are populations of dividing, undifferentiated cells that generate organs at the tips of stems and branches throughout the life of a plant, are of particular interest and currently studied intensively. Here, one key goal is to identify the genetic regulatory network organizing the structure of a SAM and generating the corresponding spatial gene expression patterns.

This paper addresses one step in the design of SAM models based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs): parameter estimation for spatial pattern formation. We assume that the topology of the genetic regulatory network is given, while the parameters of an ODE system need to be determined such that a particular stable pattern over the SAM cell population emerges. To this end, we propose an evolutionary algorithm-based approach and investigate different ways to improve the efficiency of the search process. Preliminary results are presented for the Brusselator, a well-known reaction-diffusion system.

Pp. 321-352

Libyan Environmental Law and Issues

Waniss A. Otman; Erling Karlberg

Understanding the self-regulatory mechanisms controlling the spatial and temporal structure of multicellular organisms represents one of the major challenges in molecular biology. In the context of plants, shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which are populations of dividing, undifferentiated cells that generate organs at the tips of stems and branches throughout the life of a plant, are of particular interest and currently studied intensively. Here, one key goal is to identify the genetic regulatory network organizing the structure of a SAM and generating the corresponding spatial gene expression patterns.

This paper addresses one step in the design of SAM models based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs): parameter estimation for spatial pattern formation. We assume that the topology of the genetic regulatory network is given, while the parameters of an ODE system need to be determined such that a particular stable pattern over the SAM cell population emerges. To this end, we propose an evolutionary algorithm-based approach and investigate different ways to improve the efficiency of the search process. Preliminary results are presented for the Brusselator, a well-known reaction-diffusion system.

Pp. 353-375