Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The intrauterine‐growth‐restricted (IUGR) state, particularly the asymmetric one, has been associated with ‘Developmental Origins of Health and Disease’ (DOHaD) consequences later in life. Several environmental factors, acting during the phase of foetal developmental plasticity interact with genotypic variation, ‘programme’ tissue function and change the capacity of the organism to cope with its environment. They may be responsible for chronic illness risk in adulthood. Detection of possible future DOHaD consequences at a very early age, by applying relevant biomarkers, is of utmost importance. This review focuses on biomarkers possibly predicting consequences from bone, psychoneural system and lung. Although no concrete biomarker has been identified for bone disorders in adulthood, reduced brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations in cord blood and BDNF DNA methylation might predict schizophrenia and possibly depression, bipolar disorder and autism. High surfactant protein D (SP‐D) concentrations in cord blood of IUGR foetuses/neonates could point to structural lung immaturity, resulting to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adult life.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim</jats:title><jats:p>Lung ultrasound (LUS) has not been included in the current guidelines for the diagnosis of bronchiolitis so far, even though data concerning its effectiveness have been published.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>A systematic literature review was carried out to determine the role of LUS scores in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients aged 0–2 years with bronchiolitis, using MEDLINE, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases from their inception to December 2021.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>A total of 18 studies matching our eligibility criteria were analysed for the purposes of this review and 1249 patients with bronchiolitis were included. The sonographic and radiological findings were comparable and chest radiography was found to have a higher sensitivity in ruling out severe complications such as concomitant pneumonia. The LUS scores were correlated to the clinical course of bronchiolitis and it was able to predict the need of admission in paediatric intensive care unit, the duration of hospitalisation and the need for respiratory support.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>This review suggests that LUS could have both a diagnostic and a prognostic role in bronchiolitis during first evaluation in the emergency department and hospitalisation. Physicians could adjust management according to sonographic findings as a useful adjunct to the clinical ones.</jats:p></jats:sec>