Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We present the first detailed stratigraphic and structural geological map of offshore North Cornwall and Devon, SW England, based on freely-available bathymetric data. Although the bathymetry is often spectacular, revealing fold and fault structures exposed on the seabed at a range of scales and with high resolution, interpretation is not as straightforward as it might appear and depends critically upon both accuracy and knowledge of the onshore geology. Unfortunately, onshore stratigraphic controls are limited and restricted to several thin ‘named shales’ whose coastal outcrops are not always well-constrained. In addition, the structure is markedly non-cylindrical on local to regional scales making seaward projection problematic, whilst the impact of early thrusting on the stratigraphy has often been previously neglected. We therefore developed a workflow to handle the problems we encountered including: recognition of vertical to horizontal, and 3D to 2D projections; variations in bathymetric data characteristics; prediction of expected seabed outcrop geometries based on coastal structures; incorporating non-cylindrical effects; and problems with quantitative GIS terrain profiles and structural measurements that result in an absence of such measurements. The geological map produced should therefore be viewed as a step forward, but as forming a base for further detailed bathymetric mapping.</jats:p>

<jats:p>From planetary surfaces to crystals and their boundaries, maps are fundamental tools for developing geological knowledge. This book spans not only these scales but also the history of earth science – exploring techniques and applications. It celebrates geological mapping in developing knowledge of Earth and planetary evolution and processes.</jats:p>

<jats:p>This volume focuses on similarities and differences of meandering patterns across various landscapes and scales. It explores how different processes are expressed in the kinematics, morphology, sedimentology and stratigraphic architecture of meandering streams. Results from various fields and environments are combined to describe the state-of-the-science on meandering patterns.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Using MESSENGER Mercury Dual Imaging System data, we produced 3 new maps of Sibelius Crater, Mercury. Geomorphological and spectral maps were combined into a single hybrid map containing units associated with ejecta deposits, crater floor landforms and impact melt ponding. Spatial measurement of these units show that ∼50% of the mapped melt pond area lies within a large, degraded impact crater (crater B), beyond the significantly lower northern Sibelius rim, with a potential melt flow to a smaller, degraded impact structure further north (crater C). Freshly processed spectral data from the 8-color Map Projected Multispectral Reduced Data Record (MDR) data highlight the emplacement of multiple uplifted ejecta units with distinct spectral properties. A new, high resolution digital elevation model was created to help define and analyse crater floor uplift features, disrupted crater rims and to create detailed cross sections. These illustrate a proposed location of B's central uplift structure exposed in the northern wall slopes of Sibelius. Small features at the limit of visibility, such as a groove possibly associated with a rolling or sliding mega-boulder, and lobate melt flow on the crater floor with accompanying channel opening, are highlighted for future investigations by BepiColombo's instruments once it reaches orbit.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p> The Moine Thrust Belt in NW Scotland is fundamental for developing understanding of complex fault systems and continental tectonics. The high-quality geological mapping, exceptional structural interpretation and insight of the late 19 <jats:sup>th</jats:sup> C that underpins this is chronicled here. The Geological Survey of Great Britain mapped the thrust belt over a 14-year period, at 1:10,560 but it took five decades for the individual 1:63,360 map sheets to be published. The mapping itself was hampered by access problems, illness and prevailing weather. The deployment of expert staff to this region of few apparent economic resources threatened the status of the Geological Survey. Map publication was hindered by the transition from hand-coloured to full colour printing together with the restrictions of publishing to a strict grid that incorporated complex geology outside the thrust belt itself. This history of field work, publication and outreach by the Geological Survey is placed in an environmental and logistical context to identify the challenges not only for the mapping itself but also in sharing the results in publication. The execution of these activities provides lessons for developing coherent interpretation in complex geology and the challenges in charting their uncertainties and alternative explanations. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p> The northernmost coastal sector of the Italian peninsula from the La Spezia Gulf to Monte Pisano and including the Alpi Apuane Mountain range, represents a special morpho-structural domain of the inner northwestern Apennines. Described by naturalists since the Roman age, its location on the on-land and sea-track of the Italian Grand Tour makes it a special zone in the Italian peninsula which was visited by some of the most eminent European geologists of the 19 <jats:sup>th</jats:sup> century including Brogniart, Buckland, De La Beche, Hoffman, Escher von der Linth, Murchison, and Lyell. The area has been also homeland of naturalists and scientists, who played a significant role during the 19 <jats:sup>th</jats:sup> century in the advance of geological studies in Italy. Thanks to Capellini's Geological map of La Spezia Gulf and surroundings (1863) and Zaccagna's Geological maps of the Alpi Apuane (1888–1897), the area became central in the history of the foundations of the “modern” Italian geological maps. The opportunities provided by early mapping and paleontological discoveries for developing tectonic concepts were squandered, however, by Italian geologists, who remained stuck on explanations of “Autochthonism”, missing an “early recognition” of nappe tectonics which was only accepted in the middle of the 20 <jats:sup>th</jats:sup> century. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Detailed geological mapping of a highly fractured Paleozoic basement and the scarce outcrops of overlying Permian-Mesozoic cover in the surroundings of the Duje Valley (Picos de Europa Unit, Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain), together with new field data have allowed the separation of four genetic fault sets in a polyorogenic area, affected by the Variscan and Alpine cycles. These fault sets are, from oldest to youngest: Variscan thrusts (late Carboniferous), Late Variscan strike-slip faults (late Carboniferous-earliest Permian), Alpine normal faults (Permian-Mesozoic) and Alpine reverse faults (Cenozoic). A structural analysis is reported here, based in the joint use of geometric, kinematic and deformational features, crosscutting and tectono-sedimentary relationships between the structures. This analysis has allowed the recognition and full characterization of the four fault sets. These types of structural analyses are useful for unravelling complex tectonic histories in regions where massive limestone lithologies make reconstructing the timing of fault activity difficult, especially if the basement is affected by late deformation events that are not recorded by cover outcrops.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>This is a short personal essay on geological field mapping, mostly ‘hard-rock’, with my views, prejudices and conclusions based upon sixty seven years in geology and 65 field seasons, variably in Western Ireland, Newfoundland New York and New England, California, Turkey, Tibet, New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa. I have also seen a lot of geology in most of the rest of the world with the exception of Antarctica, Siberia, and most oceanic islands.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Map-making is a fundamental tool for developing geological knowledge. It involves data collection and interpretation and has its roots in the earliest discoveries in Earth Sciences. It is the starting point for stratigraphic and structural interpretations, metamorphic facies, geochronology and modelling studies - and underpins civil engineering. From the beginning, geological mapping rapidly evolved into far more than being a simple spatial catalogue of observable rock types and landforms on the Earth's land-surface; deductive reasoning allowing this knowledge to infer subsurface Earth structure. The same approaches are down-scaled to deduce processes on the grain-scale; or up-scaled to look out to extra-terrestrial objects. This is an introduction to fourteen papers in this Special Publication that celebrates geological mapping, its historical importance and future directions, and its use in applied geology together with developing knowledge of Earth and planetary evolution and processes. Geological mapping has a long tradition of adopting evolving technologies. This introduction considers the challenges faced in synthesising interpretations, sharing competing interpretations on maps and the role of open-access digital resources in facing these challenges.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Despite creating one of Earth's most iconic landforms, and having been studied since antiquity, river meandering is currently explained by several alternative models that remain debated. This is partly because observers have deconstructed meanders to a set of properties thought to be fundamental or significant for meandering, but each of these underpinning properties is itself complex and in turn requires analysis of its causes and mechanisms. This philosophical contribution aims to provide a perspective on the state of the science that makes a rigorous interrogation into what ‘causation’ actually means, and explores what a systems perspective can elucidate about meandering phenomena. We approach the problem through a discussion of the variety of ways in which previous researchers have tackled the problem of meandering, from a channel and floodplain perspective, on Earth and Mars, in the field and laboratory, and at the present day through to the ancient stratigraphic record. It is evident that river meandering has numerous causal pathways rather than a single set of necessary and sufficient conditions. A systemic view on the evolution of plant species shows that their feedbacks on river pattern likewise have several pathways. Employing the conceptual apparatus of the philosophy of science will move us towards a more consensual synthesis of river meandering.</jats:p>