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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Unraveling the age and kinematics of low temperature deformation events is crucial in understanding the late‐stage evolution of orogens. However, accurate age constraints can often be challenging to obtain due to unideal outcrop conditions, large sedimentary hiatuses or the lack of well‐defined thermal events. In this study, we show on the example of the Nekézseny Thrust, a poorly exposed late orogenic thrust in the southern Western Carpathians, that a combined approach of structural analysis and multi‐method thermochronology can provide the necessary temporal, kinematic and thermal constraints for a detailed reconstruction of the deformation history. While structural mapping revealed that the Late Cretaceous Uppony Gosau Basin in the footwall of the Nekézseny Thrust underwent a significant post‐Campanian and pre‐Miocene shortening, K/Ar dating of fault gouge samples from the main fault zone constrained the primary thrusting event to the Maastrichtian. Based on the acquired apatite fission‐track and (U‐Th)/He ages, subsequent heating of the Upper Cretaceous sediments due to tectonic burial was limited to 75–100°C, followed by deformation‐related and gradual cooling between the Eocene and Early Miocene. Considering the reconstructed deformation history, as well as the large‐scale tectonic affinity of the displaced units in its footwall and hanging wall, the Nekézseny Thrust is a far‐traveled (ca. 600 km) segment of the Late Cretaceous Alps‐Dinarides contact zone, whose development was linked to the switch from lower plate to upper plate position with respect to the Sava Zone and Alpine Tethys sutures, respectively.</jats:p>

<jats:p>No abstract is available for this article.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The evolution of topography in forearc regions results from the complex interplay of crustal and mantle processes. The Southern Apennines represent a well‐studied forearc region that experienced several tectonic phases, initially marked by compressional deformation followed by extension and large‐scale uplift. We present a new structural, geomorphic and fluvial analysis of the Pollino Massif and surrounding intermontane basins (Mercure, Campotenese and Castrovillari) to unravel their evolution since the Pliocene. We constrain multiple tectonic transport directions, evolution of the drainage, and magnitude and timing of long‐term incision following base level falls. Two sets of knickpoints suggest two phases of base level lowering and allow to estimate ∼500 m of long‐term uplift (late Pleistocene), as observed in the Sila Massif. On a smaller spatial scale, the evolution and formation of topographic relief, sedimentation, and opening of intermontane basins is strongly controlled by the recent increase in rock uplift rate and fault activity. At the regional scale, an along‐strike, long‐wavelength uplift pattern from north to south can be explained by progressive lateral slab tearing and inflow of asthenospheric mantle beneath Pollino and Sila, which in turn may have promoted extensional tectonics. The lower uplift of Le Serre Massif may be explained as result of weak plate coupling due to narrowing of the Calabrian slab. The onset of uplift in the Pollino Massif, ranging from 400 to 800 ka, is consistent with that one proposed in the southern Calabrian forearc, suggesting a possible synchronism of uplift, and lateral tearing of the Calabrian slab.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>We present the first 3D crustal model of the epicentral region of the 1980, <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>w</jats:sub> 6.9, normal‐faulting Irpinia earthquake (southern Italy) determined by jointly interpreting the CROP‐04 deep seismic profile, a grid of commercial seismic lines, deep exploration wells, and a high‐resolution Local Earthquake Tomography. Despite numerous seismotectonic surveys and source studies of the background seismicity recorded by dense networks, a complete 3D geological model of the mid‐upper crust was still lacking in the region. The architecture of the Neogene fold‐and‐thrust belt is also debated, with competing thin‐ and thick‐skinned tectonic interpretations. We use the 3D geological model derived from subsurface exploration data to interpret the upper crustal tomographic velocities in terms of rock physical properties, while <jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub>p</jats:sub> and <jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub>p</jats:sub>/<jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> anomalies provide inferences on the deep structural setting down to 12 km depth. We find that a thick‐skinned deformation style allows explaining the geometry of Pliocene fold‐and‐thrust systems deforming the Apulian carbonates but also deeper Permo‐Triassic metasediments and the Paleozoic crystalline femic basement. Inherited compressional structures and lithological heterogeneities control background seismicity occurring at two crustal levels. Fluid‐driven shallow seismicity (&lt;4–6 km) concentrates in a high‐<jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub>p</jats:sub>/<jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> wedge of fractured, brine‐saturated Mesozoic stiff rocks delimited by the 1980 earthquake faults. Deep seismicity (9–14 km) clusters instead within the low‐<jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub>p</jats:sub>/<jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> crystalline basement underneath the Apulian carbonate ramp‐anticlines. Commercial seismic data allow us to identify the Irpinia Fault, the main fault ruptured by the 1980 earthquake, reinforcing its previous interpretations as an immature structure with subtle geological and geophysical evidence.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>A data set consisting of 376 broadband and long‐period MT measurements was used to generate the first ever 3D resistivity model of the Archean western Superior Craton. The modeled resistivity structure is compared to coincident seismic reflection data. The observed geophysical signatures are interpreted within the context of the late stages of crustal growth and cratonization of the region via the progressive accretion of terranes against the initial cratonic core. The northern‐most terranes comprising the cratonic core exhibit a nearly homogenous highly resistive crust. The lower crust of the southern terranes contains largely continuous low resistivity bands which run subparallel to major terrane boundaries and corresponding fault systems. In some cases, low resistivity features are coincident with dense packages of sub‐horizontal to listric reflections within the mid‐ to lower crust. These resistivity structures are inferred to represent preserved geoelectric signatures of late to post‐orogenic magmatic pulses likely related to delamination of locally overthickened crust. Increased mantle heat flow resulted in partial melting of the lower crust and upper mantle and upward migration of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐rich melts and fluids through crustal weak zones corresponding to shear and/or suture zones formed during terrane amalgamation. Thermal softening of the mid‐ to lower crust led to orogenic collapse and reactivation of the crustal shear zones, resulting in formation and interconnection of graphitic films which were preserved within the stable craton. These results have implications for the tectono‐magmatic history of the western Superior Craton, as well toward the understanding of the geodynamic regime of the Archean Earth.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This case‐study from the Jura Mountains in the foreland of the European Alps demonstrates how the coupling of subsurface analysis and U‐Pb carbonate dating can provide absolute timing constraints and shortening rate estimates of fold‐and‐thrust belts. It is confirmed that the initial Late Cenozoic foreland deformation driving the formation of the easternmost Jura Mountains in Switzerland was predominately thin‐skinned with contractional deformation largely restricted to the Mesozoic succession above a sub‐horizontal basal décollement. Thereby, the localization and structural style of related deformation structures was strongly guided by the characteristics of underlying Late Paleozoic half grabens. The main thin‐skinned thrust front formed at ∼12 Ma, followed by further deformation in the hinterland and locally continued foreland‐directed thrust propagation. The major deformation zones exposed at surface were established at ∼8 Ma but shortening continued until at least ∼4 Ma. Thick‐skinned contraction associated with the inversion of basement structures only played a subordinate role during the latest deformation phase after 8 Ma. Based on cumulative shortening values derived from balanced cross sections, our U‐Pb ages of syn‐tectonic calcite slickenfibres allow to estimate thin‐skinned deformation rates for the easternmost Jura Mountains between ∼0.9 and ∼0.1 mm/year, decreasing toward the eastern tip of the arcuate belt. Moreover, deformation rates seemingly decreased over time with rates of initial thin‐skinned thrusting being significantly higher than the later deformation north of the main thrust front. These new findings from a classical foreland setting highlight the potential of integrating U‐Pb dating in regional fold‐and‐thrust belt investigations elsewhere.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Triassic evaporites represent the regional décollement of the Pyrenees and form two salt provinces north and south of the South Pyrenean Central Salient (SPCS). We present an updated Bouguer and residual Bouguer anomaly map built upon the homogenization of available gravity data of the SPCS together with four new and representative cross‐sections, constrained by geological data acquired in the field, seismic, well, and gravity data (gravity forward modeling). Gravity anomaly maps and cross‐sections are used to characterize the present‐day uneven distribution of Triassic evaporites. Outcropping Triassic evaporites is not necessarily associated with an underlying evaporite accumulation and the absence of it at surface does not involves its non‐existence at depth. Northwest of the salient, a major accumulation of Triassic evaporites floors a thick syn‐orogenic Upper Cretaceous basin. South of it, Triassic rocks core salt‐detached anticlines related to the Pyrenean orogeny. Along the southernmost (and youngest) thrust sheet of the salient, diapirs, and evaporite accumulations are associated with a salt‐inflated area.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Trench‐parallel translation of the Central American Forearc (CAFA) is the result of strain partitioning along the Cocos and Caribbean (CA) convergent margin. Unlike the tectonics of northwestern Costa Rica and El Salvador, CAFA‐CA relative motion in Nicaragua is not accommodated on margin‐parallel fault systems. Rather, the northwest‐trending dextral shear is accommodated on margin‐normal sinistral strike‐slip faults that approximate the motion of a margin‐parallel fault (i.e., bookshelf faulting). We compare a new Global Positioning System interseismic horizontal velocity field to analytical and numerical models to show that the bookshelf faulting model can produce the observed velocity field and provide insight into the kinematics and configuration of the margin‐normal fault system. We find that a fault system with 20 km‐long parallel to sub‐parallel margin‐normal sinistral faults, spaced ∼5 km apart, locked from the surface to 5 km depth, and with interseismic slip deficits of 4 mm yr<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, can replicate the observed velocity field. These findings have implications for the region's seismic hazard where shallow moderate‐magnitude earthquakes will have reoccurrence intervals of ∼50 years. These findings are also important for volcanic hazard estimation and unrest forecasting because the margin‐normal faults are in the volcanic arc and magma‐tectonic interactions have been documented along the CAFA.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The Agrio Fold and Thrust Belt (FTB), situated in the Southern Central Andes at 37–39°S, underwent two phases of contractional deformation: Late Cretaceous‐Eocene and middle‐late Miocene. Despite advances in understanding its tectonic history, many questions persist regarding the timing and activity of specific structures during these deformation phases. By combining low‐temperature multi‐thermochronometry, inverse thermal models and field structural data, we present a new thermal‐structural history for the northern Agrio FTB. Our findings unveil an initial cooling event between approximately 85–75 Ma and 55–50 Ma, involving cooling rates of 1.1–2°C/Ma and vertical displacement rates from 0.07 to 0.12 km/Ma. This slow event, confined to the inner zone, is associated with the growth of the basement‐cored Manzano anticline. Additionally, still in the inner zone of the Agrio FTB, a second and faster cooling event from ∼15–10 Ma to 0 Ma, marked by a cooling rate of 7°C/Ma and a vertical displacement rate ranging from 0.11 to 0.17 km/Ma, results from in‐sequence thick‐skinned thrusting at depth. In the outer zone of the FTB, only the younger cooling event from 15–10 Ma to 0 Ma is evident, with a cooling rate of 8.8°C/Ma and a vertical displacement rate ranging from ∼0.14 to 0.26 km/Ma, attributed to displacement along the basement‐involved Las Yeseras thrust. Furthermore, Apatite Fission Track (AFT) ages of detrital grains in the Tralalhué conglomerates support the maximum depositional age for these synorogenic strata to be between 14.1 and 9.2 Ma.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Recovering the seismic history of multiple segments within a fault system provides a spatiotemporal framework for the fault activity across the system. This kind of data is essential for improving our understanding of how faults interact during earthquake cycles and how they are distributed within a fault system. Bedrock fault scarps, reaching up to 10‐m height, are abundant across the Bet Kerem fault system, Galilee, northern Israel. Using the <jats:sup>36</jats:sup>Cl exposure dating method, we recovered the last 30 ka scarp exhumation history of three fault segments from the Bet Kerem fault system. Results indicate that the three faults were active simultaneously in at least three distinguished activity periods, during which a minimum of 1.2 m of surface rupturing occurred in each period. The synchronized activity and total surface rupture at each activity period suggest that the three dated segments were ruptured simultaneously by the same earthquake. That is, a multi‐segment rupture earthquake and that each activity period included a cluster of at least two large multi‐segment earthquakes. The results also indicate a recurrence interval between clusters of 3.5–4.5 ka and the existence of a seismic super cycle with a recurrence interval of about 13 ka.</jats:p>