Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:p xml:lang="fr">&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;Although foodborne infections contracted at home are frequent diseases worldwide, there is a general lack of information. Main purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of a sample of the general Sicilian population about the risk of contracting foodborne diseases. It was carried out through a web-based questionnaire to a Sicilian population sample. The questionnaire collected socio-demographic data, health issues, KAP and self-reported diseases. Scores were calculated for summarizing the results. A total of 373 subjects participated into the study. Overall, 65.15% of the participants were females, 48.26% of all respondents were aged between 18 and 29 years and over one-third were students (34.58%). At least one episode of vomiting/diarrhoea in the previous 3 months was reported by 119 respondents. Practices were associated with knowledge (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.02; p &amp;lt; 0.01) and attitudes (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.13; p &amp;lt; 0.001) although with low degree of correlation. A lower practice score was statistically significantly associated with both onset of foodborne transmitted infections in participants and among the cohabitants of participants. Our results confirm that foodborne disease can be strongly associated with food handling at home and with unsafe practices. Specific education on food safety could help to reduce the risk but the adoption of good practices of food manipulation is the real key to assure a reduction in food outbreaks in residences.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;</jats:p>

<jats:p xml:lang="fr">&lt;abstract&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Purpose&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;Psychological disorders such as diabetes distress may negatively influence how patients effectively manage their illness. Therefore, discernment of such influential psychosocial components could be pertinent in promoting competent diabetes management. The vital psychosocial aspect of diabetes distress in diabetes management within the Caribbean context remains unexplored. The purpose of this study therefore was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of diabetes distress (DD), and explore its relationship to socio-demographic and clinical characteristics in Barbadian adults with type 2 diabetes(T2DM).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Methods&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;A cross-sectional survey was conducted with adults (n = 509) ages 20–80 years with T2DM. The survey comprised, a profile section, and a standardized questionnaire—the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS). In addition, biological (A1C and blood pressure measurements were also collected.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Results&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;The sample comprised 30.8% males and 69.2% females. Moderate to high DD identified in 17% of the patients (9.4% moderate distress, 7.2% high distress). Moderate distress was more frequent in unmarried persons; younger persons had high DD. There was no difference in rates of moderate to high DD in women (16.7%) compared to men (16.2%) and, as age and years lived with diabetes increased, diabetes distress decreased.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Conclusions&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;The results emphasized the need for considerations that must be given to Barbadian diabetes patients' mental well-being. In recognition of the role DD plays in the patients' experiences, screening should be incorporated into clinical care.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;/abstract&gt;</jats:p>

<jats:p xml:lang="fr">&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;Variants of COVID-19 have sparked controversy regarding mask and/or vaccine mandates in some sectors of the country. Many people hold polarized opinions about such mandates, and it is uncertain what predicts attitudes towards these protective behavior mandates. Through a snow-ball sampling procedure of respondents on social media platforms, this study examined skepticism of 774 respondents toward these mandates as a function of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) of health. Hierarchical linear regressions examined Protection Motivation (PM) as a predictor of mask and vaccine mandate skepticism independently and with political party affiliation as a control. PM alone accounted for 76% of the variance in mask mandate skepticism, &lt;italic&gt;p&lt;/italic&gt; &amp;lt; 0.001 and 65% in vaccine mandate skepticism, &lt;italic&gt;p&lt;/italic&gt; &amp;lt; 0.001. When political affiliation was entered (accounting for 28% of the variance in mask mandate skepticism, &lt;italic&gt;p&lt;/italic&gt; &amp;lt; 0.001, and 26% in vaccine mandate skepticism, &lt;italic&gt;p&lt;/italic&gt; &amp;lt; 0.001), PM still accounted for significant percentages of variance in both mask (50%) and vaccine (43%) mandate skepticism, &lt;italic&gt;p&lt;/italic&gt;s &amp;lt; 0.001. Across regressions, perceived severity, outcome efficaciousness, and self-efficacy each directly accounted for unique variance in mask and vaccine mandate skepticism, &lt;italic&gt;p&lt;/italic&gt;s &amp;lt; 0.001; only perceived vulnerability failed to account for unique variance in the regressions, &lt;italic&gt;p&lt;/italic&gt;s &amp;gt; 0.05. Specifically, the more severe participants perceived COVID-19 to be and the greater the perceived efficacy of masks and vaccines preventing the spread of COVID-19, the lower participants' skepticism toward mask and vaccine mandates. Similarly, the higher participants' self-efficacy in wearing masks or receiving the vaccine, the lower their skepticism toward mask and vaccine mandates.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;</jats:p>

<jats:p xml:lang="fr">&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;In order to provide meaningful and effective support to refugees in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as during post-pandemic recovery efforts, it is critical to explore the experiences of refugee mothers and families during the pandemic, and to identify sources of resilience that can be leveraged to promote individual and household wellbeing. From November 2020 to June 2021, we conducted in-depth interviews with mothers from refugee backgrounds (n = 28) who resettled in Calgary, Alberta and are currently participating in the Multicultural Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY) program. Interviews were conducted virtually using Microsoft Teams; we sought to better understand the pathways and barriers to wellbeing experienced by refugee mothers during the pandemic. The results indicate that the refugee mothers and families in our study experienced widespread disruptions to education and employment and increased motherhood burden, contributing to diminished wellbeing. Mental health was further impacted by heightened levels of worry, stress and social isolation, as well as intense fear pertaining to the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Some mothers reported experiencing barriers to accessing healthcare services and reliable health information during the pandemic. In the face of these challenges, the mothers demonstrated great resilience and identified tangible individual, household and extra-household factors and resources that supported them in coping with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, our findings suggest that participation in HIPPY played a significant role in fostering the resilience of the participating mothers and families during the pandemic, speaking to the potential of home visiting intervention models in mitigating household hardship during current and future public health crises.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;</jats:p>

<jats:p xml:lang="fr">&lt;abstract&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Background&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;The Covid-19 pandemic has led to huge disruptions and multi-domain healthcare crisis, with additional impact on children and young people (CYP) affected by Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Methods&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;We conducted an online survey and obtained responses from 62 Paediatricians who provide ADHD services for CYP about their experience of Service disruption and adaptations during the first Covid-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom between March and June 2020. The responses were both quantitative and qualitative.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Results&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;The Paediatricians reported huge service disruptions such that almost half ceased the assessment of new patients with ADHD, and only 5% were able to offer physical monitoring for most patients. However, all respondents had adopted telemedicine, which allowed them to maintain high levels of non-physical service provision for existing patients. The Paediatricians used risk stratification strategies to determine which patients were more likely to benefit from the limited available face to face appointments for physical monitoring. The Paediatricians demonstrated clinical pragmatism to meet the needs of their patients such as starting medication without physical exam especially if the patient's behaviour was so challenging that it was presenting a crisis at home, and setting aside monthly limits for stimulant medications. Some respondents reported helpful cross-service collaborations to support CYP with ADHD and their families.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Conclusion&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;The Covid-19 pandemic has had adverse effect on many CYP with ADHD and caused huge disruption to the ADHD services that support them. As the pandemic continues to cause disruptions to ADHD services, the service adaptations emerging from the literature including some of those identified in this study could be useful to support more stable and sustainable ADHD services, both during and after the pandemic.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;/abstract&gt;</jats:p>

<jats:p xml:lang="fr">&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;The objective of this study was to assess the rate of effectiveness of cervical cancer awareness outreach among Vietnamese women in San Diego, USA. In collaboration with different community partners, educational seminars were hosted by student pharmacists in the Vietnamese community. We hypothesized that the seminars would increase cervical cancer awareness and encourage a positive outlook on obtaining annual Pap smears and HPV vaccines. The study design included pre- and post-intervention assessment surveys in either Vietnamese or English language. The surveys were administered to Vietnamese women who participated in the seminars. Eight seminars were hosted at local health fairs in San Diego. A total of 120 Vietnamese women participated in the seminars. Our study showed that educational seminars significantly improved the knowledge about cervical cancer, Pap smears and HPV vaccines. By comparing the pre- and post-intervention surveys, we observed an improvement in knowledge about cervical cancer (61% vs 93%, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and a positive change in the attitude towards obtaining a Pap smear within a year following the educational intervention (57% vs. 78%, p &amp;lt; 0.002). Therefore, we concluded that the educational health outreach seminars presented by student pharmacists are an effective educational model to help improve knowledge about cervical cancer and prevention among Vietnamese women.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;</jats:p>

<jats:p xml:lang="fr">&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;Despite intensive research, effective treatments for many common and devastating diseases are lacking. For example, huge efforts and billions of dollars have been invested in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which affects over 50 million people worldwide. However, there is still no effective drug that can slow or cure AD. This relates, in part, to the absence of an animal model or cellular system that incorporates all the relevant features of the disease. Therefore, large scale studies on human populations and tissues will be key to better understanding dementia and developing methods to prevent or treat it. This is especially difficult because the dementia phenotype can result from many different processes and is likely to be affected by multiple personal and environmental variables. We hypothesize that analyzing massive volumes of demographic data that are currently available and combining this with genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiles of AD patients and their families, new insights into pathophysiology and treatment of AD may arise. While this requires much coordination and cooperation among large institutions, the potential for advancement would be life-changing for millions of people. In many ways this represents the next step in the information revolution started by the Human Genome Project.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;</jats:p>

<jats:p xml:lang="fr">&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;We sought to explore mental health and psychosocial impact among young people (18 to 24 years old) in Bogotá during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Methods&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;We carried a cross sectional study using a web-based survey to assess mental health and personal impact among 18 to 24 years old living in Bogotá during the first 4 months of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The depressive symptoms were measured with PHQ-8 and anxiety symptoms with (GAD-7). We also designed a questionnaire exploring changes in personal, family and social life.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Results&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;Overall, 23% of the sample (n = 834) reported mild depressive symptoms (males 24% and females 23%); 29% reported moderate depressive symptoms (males 28%, females 30%); 22% moderate-severe symptoms (males 20%, females 23%) and 17% severe symptoms (males 15%, females 17%). Mild anxiety symptoms were reported by 29% of the sample (males 30%, females 29%); moderate anxiety symptoms by 29% (males 26%, females 30%); moderate-severe 18% (males 15%, females 20%) and severe anxiety by 6.0% (males 6.0% and females 6.0%). High symptoms of depression (PHQ-8 ≥ 10) were associated with being female, considering that the quarantine was stressful, having one member of the family losing their job, worsening of family relationships, decrease of physical activity and having a less nutritious diet. Having high anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 ≥ 10) were associated with sometimes not having enough money to buy food.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Conclusions&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;The first months of the pandemic lockdown were associated with high depressive and anxiety symptoms among young persons living in Bogotá, Colombia. Increasing public health measures to provide support for young people is needed during lockdowns and it is necessary to further explore the long-term mental health impact due to personal, family and social changes brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;/abstract&gt;</jats:p>

<jats:p xml:lang="fr">&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;Primary care professionals play a critical role in the care of their patients. In clinical practice, early detection and diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's disease and related dementia are often missed or delayed. Disclosure of diagnosis is not timely or not revealed. Though the methods that could improve early detection and diagnosis have remained the same over the decades with little change, they provide opportunities for early intervention, treatment and improvement in patient care. Emerging research suggests that though the disease process begins years prior to the clinical diagnosis, the healthcare system and health care professionals remain distant and reluctant to provide the service of annual cognitive assessment, which has been recommended by the Medicare program for older adults aged 65 years and older. Findings support that Alzheimer's disease and related cognitive impairments have gone under detected, underdiagnosed and undertreated. This article seeks to provide valuable and equitable information in the form of a clinician's guide for removing the barriers to early detection and diagnosis of cognitive impairments and offers an unprecedented opportunity to improve the clinical outcomes and care of older adults with various levels of cognitive decline, including mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and related dementias. This article provides information on understanding and addressing the challenges faced by health care professionals, including primary care clinicians; removing the barriers to cognitive assessments; educating this professional group on the importance of brain health, early detection, and diagnosis for their older adult patients; and providing these professionals with the ability to transfer their knowledge into more defined care planning. Until cognitive screening has been fully accepted and implemented for the optimal the care of older adults, health-related efforts should include the promotion and education of brain health, early detection, and diagnosis in the education of health care providers.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;</jats:p>

<jats:p xml:lang="fr">&lt;abstract&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Background&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;The stay-at-home circumstances due to the global coronavirus pandemic have had some negative impacts on people's eating behavior.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Purpose&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;Therefore, this study attempted to improve fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption intention and behavior through an online video intervention based on the social cognitive theory.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Methods&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;Participants were recruited with a promotion video posted on social media channels. After consenting and completing a pre-survey, participants were randomly assigned to either a) the intervention group addressing FV consumption or the b) attention control group addressing physical activity. After two weeks, the participants completed an online post-survey.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Results&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;The participants (N = 82) were 77% female and 50% students; 95% chose German for the survey language, and 84% were from Switzerland. The mean baseline FV consumption intention was 3.05 (standard deviation: 1.03), and FV consumption was 4.64 (standard deviation: 2.06) portions a day. The analysis showed no significant change in FV consumption intention (F = (1, 78) = 0.02, p = 0.88, ηp&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.00) or behavior (F = (1, 78) = 0.019, p = 0.89, ηp&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.03) due to the intervention.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Conclusions&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;Plausible reasons why no significant effect was found were the brief intervention duration, the setting and insufficient tailoring. The lessons learned from this study are to plan better, tailor more to the needs of participants and carefully consider the goals before promoting an intervention.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;/abstract&gt;</jats:p>