Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Antibodies dovetail with protection</jats:title> <jats:p> Immune correlates of protection are clinical end points used to gauge vaccine-induced immunogenicity and protection. Corbett <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic> . studied nonhuman primate (NHP) immune responses to various doses of the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine to provide a range of immune responses and protective outcomes. They determined that circulating spike protein–specific antibodies correlated with protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication in the airways. Passively transferred NHP antibodies were sufficient to mediate protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in hamsters, emphasizing that antibodies are mechanistic correlates. Protection of the lower respiratory tract required lower serum antibody concentrations, possibly explaining why most current vaccines are highly effective against severe lower airway disease. The higher antibody threshold required for reducing upper airway infection has potential implications for boosting to limit transmission. —STS </jats:p>

<jats:title>Mammal societies</jats:title> <jats:p>Although a few types of structures prevail, social systems among mammals are relatively varied. New techniques, from monitoring to genetics, have allowed for a deeper understanding of this variation, how it is related to the environment, and how it has evolved. Clutton-Brock reviews the forms of and drivers of the different types of breeding systems and how they have been shaped by ecology and history. The author discusses how mammalian social interactions may be affected by human activities that are driving environmental change. —SNV</jats:p>

<jats:title>SAAving vitamin A–mediated immunity</jats:title> <jats:p> The vitamin A metabolite retinol is critical for B and T cell development and homing to the gut. Intestinal myeloid cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages take up retinol and process it into retinoic acid (RA), which in turn initiates RA-dependent gene expression programs in lymphocytes. Bang <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic> . identified LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) as a myeloid cell surface receptor for retinol. LRP1 binds retinol chaperoned by serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins, and SAA–retinol complexes are then endocytosed and metabolized by myeloid cells. Mice lacking either Saa or myeloid-specific Lrp1 exhibited profound impairments in vitamin A–mediated immunity. B and T cell trafficking to the intestine, immunoglobulin A production by B cells, and protection from enteric <jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic> Typhimurium infection were all diminished when either of these crucial players was missing. —STS </jats:p>

<jats:p> Puel and Casanova and Kisand <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic> . challenge our conclusions that interferonopathy and not IL-17/IL-22 autoantibodies promote candidiasis in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candidiasis–ectodermal dystrophy. We acknowledge that conclusive evidence for causation is difficult to obtain in complex human diseases. However, our studies clearly document interferonopathy driving mucosal candidiasis with intact IL-17/IL-22 responses in <jats:italic>Aire</jats:italic> -deficient mice, with strong corroborative evidence in patients. </jats:p>

<jats:p> Break <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic> . (Research Articles, 15 January 2021, eaay5731) suggest that chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in humans with inborn errors of <jats:italic>AIRE</jats:italic> and autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 is due to excessive interferon-γ production and not to autoantibodies neutralizing interleukin-17 cytokines. We argue that both claims are not conclusively supported by their data and are at odds with 35 years of study. </jats:p>

<jats:p>Last month, one of the most remarkable scientific endeavors on the planet delivered a report to the world. Hundreds of international scientists volunteered thousands of hours to evaluate more than 14,000 scientific publications, respond to over 78,000 comments, and produce a comprehensive scientific assessment to inform government policy-makers. What topic could justify such an intense global effort? The crisis posed by climate change.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Scientific uncertainties, access, and logistics are hurdles to routine screening</jats:p>

<jats:p>They successfully kept the the virus at bay. Now, some are gingerly opening up</jats:p>

<jats:p>Probe of volcano could reveal magma composition and guide early warning systems</jats:p>