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Nature

Resumen/Descripción – provisto por la editorial en inglés
Nature is a weekly international journal publishing the finest peer-reviewed research in all fields of science and technology on the basis of its originality, importance, interdisciplinary interest, timeliness, accessibility, elegance and surprising conclusions. Nature also provides rapid, authoritative, insightful and arresting news and interpretation of topical and coming trends affecting science, scientists and the wider public.
Palabras clave – provistas por la editorial

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No detectada desde jul. 2012 / hasta dic. 2023 Nature.com
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Información

Tipo de recurso:

revistas

ISSN impreso

0028-0836

ISSN electrónico

1476-4687

Editor responsable

Springer Nature

País de edición

Reino Unido

Fecha de publicación

Tabla de contenidos

Cell-type specialization is encoded by specific chromatin topologies

Warren Winick-NgORCID; Alexander Kukalev; Izabela Harabula; Luna Zea-Redondo; Dominik Szabó; Mandy MeijerORCID; Leonid Serebreni; Yingnan Zhang; Simona BiancoORCID; Andrea M. ChiarielloORCID; Ibai Irastorza-Azcarate; Christoph J. ThiemeORCID; Thomas M. Sparks; Sílvia Carvalho; Luca FiorilloORCID; Francesco Musella; Ehsan Irani; Elena Torlai TrigliaORCID; Aleksandra A. Kolodziejczyk; Andreas Abentung; Galina Apostolova; Eleanor J. PaulORCID; Vedran FrankeORCID; Rieke Kempfer; Altuna AkalinORCID; Sarah A. TeichmannORCID; Georg Dechant; Mark A. Ungless; Mario Nicodemi; Lonnie Welch; Gonçalo Castelo-BrancoORCID; Ana PomboORCID

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The three-dimensional (3D) structure of chromatin is intrinsically associated with gene regulation and cell function<jats:sup>1–3</jats:sup>. Methods based on chromatin conformation capture have mapped chromatin structures in neuronal systems such as in vitro differentiated neurons, neurons isolated through fluorescence-activated cell sorting from cortical tissues pooled from different animals and from dissociated whole hippocampi<jats:sup>4–6</jats:sup>. However, changes in chromatin organization captured by imaging, such as the relocation of <jats:italic>Bdnf</jats:italic> away from the nuclear periphery after activation<jats:sup>7</jats:sup>, are invisible with such approaches<jats:sup>8</jats:sup>. Here we developed immunoGAM, an extension of genome architecture mapping (GAM)<jats:sup>2,9</jats:sup>, to map 3D chromatin topology genome-wide in specific brain cell types, without tissue disruption, from single animals. GAM is a ligation-free technology that maps genome topology by sequencing the DNA content from thin (about 220 nm) nuclear cryosections. Chromatin interactions are identified from the increased probability of co-segregation of contacting loci across a collection of nuclear slices. ImmunoGAM expands the scope of GAM to enable the selection of specific cell types using low cell numbers (approximately 1,000 cells) within a complex tissue and avoids tissue dissociation<jats:sup>2,10</jats:sup>. We report cell-type specialized 3D chromatin structures at multiple genomic scales that relate to patterns of gene expression. We discover extensive ‘melting’ of long genes when they are highly expressed and/or have high chromatin accessibility. The contacts most specific of neuron subtypes contain genes associated with specialized processes, such as addiction and synaptic plasticity, which harbour putative binding sites for neuronal transcription factors within accessible chromatin regions. Moreover, sensory receptor genes are preferentially found in heterochromatic compartments in brain cells, which establish strong contacts across tens of megabases. Our results demonstrate that highly specific chromatin conformations in brain cells are tightly related to gene regulation mechanisms and specialized functions.</jats:p>

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. 684-691

Transposon-associated TnpB is a programmable RNA-guided DNA endonuclease

Tautvydas KarvelisORCID; Gytis DruteikaORCID; Greta BigelyteORCID; Karolina Budre; Rimante ZedaveinyteORCID; Arunas Silanskas; Darius Kazlauskas; Česlovas VenclovasORCID; Virginijus SiksnysORCID

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Transposition has a key role in reshaping genomes of all living organisms<jats:sup>1</jats:sup>. Insertion sequences of IS200/IS605 and IS607 families<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> are among the simplest mobile genetic elements and contain only the genes that are required for their transposition and its regulation. These elements encode <jats:italic>tnpA</jats:italic> transposase, which is essential for mobilization, and often carry an accessory <jats:italic>tnpB</jats:italic> gene, which is dispensable for transposition. Although the role of TnpA in transposon mobilization of IS200/IS605 is well documented, the function of TnpB has remained largely unknown. It had been suggested that TnpB has a role in the regulation of transposition, although no mechanism for this has been established<jats:sup>3–5</jats:sup>. A bioinformatic analysis indicated that TnpB might be a predecessor of the CRISPR–Cas9/Cas12 nucleases<jats:sup>6–8</jats:sup>. However, no biochemical activities have been ascribed to TnpB. Here we show that TnpB of <jats:italic>Deinococcus radiodurans</jats:italic> ISDra2 is an RNA-directed nuclease that is guided by an RNA, derived from the right-end element of a transposon, to cleave DNA next to the 5′-TTGAT transposon-associated motif. We also show that TnpB could be reprogrammed to cleave DNA target sites in human cells. Together, this study expands our understanding of transposition mechanisms by highlighting the role of TnpB in transposition, experimentally confirms that TnpB is a functional progenitor of CRISPR–Cas nucleases and establishes TnpB as a prototype of a new system for genome editing.</jats:p>

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. 692-696

Few-fs resolution of a photoactive protein traversing a conical intersection

A. Hosseinizadeh; N. BreckwoldtORCID; R. FungORCID; R. Sepehr; M. SchmidtORCID; P. SchwanderORCID; R. SantraORCID; A. OurmazdORCID

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. 697-701

How burnout and imposter syndrome blight scientific careers

Chris Woolston

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. 703-705

Artificial intelligence powers protein-folding predictions

Michael Eisenstein

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. 706-708

All-nighter: staying up to fight malaria

Brendan Maher

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. 710-710

EverLife

Michael García Juelle

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. No disponible

Daily briefing: Omicron coronavirus variant puts scientists on alert

Flora Graham

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. No disponible

Asteroid deflection and disordered diamonds — the week in infographics

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. No disponible

Coronapod: everything we know about the new COVID variant

Noah Baker; Richard Van Noorden

Palabras clave: Multidisciplinary.

Pp. No disponible