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The ideology and number of methods of applied landscape research have been thoroughly developed in Russia rather long ago. But in fact the principles and methods of landscape-ecological concepts become real highly formally and inadequately effectively. In 1992, the Agreement on Cooperation in the field of Environmental Protection was signed between the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany. Within the framework of the Russian-German cooperation on landscape-planning, landscape-planning activities on ʺEcologically Oriented Land Use Planning in the Baikal Region” were carried out by the Institute of Geography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences with active advisory support from the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. It can be started that on the example of the Baikal Region the Russian-German cooperation, has set the stage of an extensive implementation of landscape-planning tools as a basis for sustainable territorial development.

The modern condition of land resources efficiency and their economic use is the result of long interaction of society and nature with the purpose of a useful product reception (food stuffs, clothes, raw material for the industry, medicines, receptions of energy, etc.). On the example of using the steppe ecological system of the Inner Asia it is considered more than a centenary history of agrarian nature management of the indigenous population in conditions of a private property and primitive agriculture, nomadic cattle breeding at the end of 19 and the beginning of 20 centuries, during a socialist collective planned economy (1917-1990), and after disintegration of the USSR in conditions of transition to market relations. It is proved that the agriculture was more effective in the conditions of the private property even at absence of the industrial technologies. The structure of agriculture was corresponded to natural and climatic conditions as much as possible. In the steppe areas of China and Mongolia there were no special changes for this period, therefore here was kept adaptive ecologically safe land tenure and traditional culture of the indigenous peoples.

While environmental and human security remain both evolving and contested concepts in numerous theoretical debates, there should be little doubt that the aspects that these security issues involve present serious long-term challenges to the success and stability of Central Asia. Aside from offering a general approach to the meaning of environmental and human security, this article also argues that there are crucial differences between and , distinguishes between the two, and suggests why recognizing that difference has important implications for policy decisions in Central Asian security. Additionally, this article offers several theoretical models that have been proposed in recent research and considers their relevance to the region. Specifically, this review addresses what have been argued as ʺtrigger mechanisms” that can unleash violent conflict, create socio-economic disparity, and induce long-term insecurity.

The Altai Mountains are characterized by their unique natural scenery and numerous cultural - archeological monuments. The interests in biodiversity conservation and sustainable development of at least four countries, i.e. China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Russia, are focused on that region. Whereas the contiguous territories of the four countries are similar in their demographic structure, ethnic composition, climatic conditions and socio-economic characteristics, they differ in terms of people’s philosophy, legal frameworks, institutional structures, economic situation and activities in nature protection.

In our opinion the beginning of the 21st century is marked by three most important and indirectly connected changes which are capable to influence essentially the destinies of mankind as a whole, and in particular the part of it which lives in the circumpolar zone of the Northern hemisphere. First of all it is global changes of climate, the reduction, and probably exhaustion of stocks of oil and gas on the earth, and also changes in mass consciousness of millions and millions of people on the planet.

Much importance in the formation of the global climatic system is attached to Asia, a large land with elevated and severe topography that has a pronounced effect on planetary air circulation. The history of modern climate and environment formation in this territory during Cainozoe is observed on intercontinental profiles. One of the fullest profiles among the Pleistocene continental sediments are loess-soil profiles, and the reflected record of climate events shows the cyclic variations in environment and climate during this period of time. The data on 100 loess-soil profiles of West Siberia were analyzed, and the revision of the already published materials was conducted. The comparison of the structure of full loess-soil sequence in Siberia within Bruenes period (0-780 th. years) with the structure of continuous global climate records makes it possible not only to reveal the frequency, but to show the correlation between climate and environment changes on this territory during Pleistocene and the global ones.