Catálogo de publicaciones - libros

The design of water reuse schemes generates a big number of possible treatment trains, which has to match the quality and quantity requirements. The aim of this paper is to describe optimization techniques used by developed decision support tool. This will be followed by the case study to show the possible results of the optimization.

This paper is concerned with a fuzzy extension of the Borda ranking method. Main attention is devoted to the application for the ecological risk ranking under uncertain data. A way to integrate different opinions and knowledge of different experts is proposed. The fuzzy extension also considers the cases of incomparability of expert assessments and missing opinions, as well as indifferent opinions and calibration (semantic or linguistic variables). An application of the considered ranking methodology to study potential ecological risks in the coastal areas of the Island of Tenerife is considered.

Analysis of genotoxicity with plants assays is of a great importance due to pollution of the wastewater and soil by genotoxicants. The objective of these studies was to determine the approach to risk assessment contaminated with radionuclide different wastewater from 30-km zone of the Chernobyl and Kyiv region using the transgenic lines L. We used three effective plant assays to evaluate the genotoxicity of Chernobyl and Kyiv region water reservoirs and soil sites. The high, total mutagenic effect was determined in wastewater taken from the lakes Glyboke and Telbin. Received data allow us to develop the approaches to risk assessment for subjective testing wastewater and contaminated with radionuclide water reservoirs and soil sites.

On the basis of formalization of interrelations between global and hydrological changes the mathematical model for optimal water resource management was elaborated. Its distinctive feature is the possibility to investigate regimes with sudden, discontinuous changes or phase transitions as a result of small, continuous changes in variables that influence the water system. Model permits to determine the conditions for sustainable development and the possible mechanisms of chaotic behavior that causes the instability in the area of environmental security.

Enhancing public welfare through the deliberate management of water resources is vital for every society. Pollution, overuse, and consumption challenge a society's ability to develop and sustain water supplies for municipal, agricultural, industrial, and recreational use while protecting fisheries and wetlands. Water resource management decisions are complex and involve risk. This paper identifies a risk taxonomy to help managers identify where those risks are and their severity. It is presented in the context of the Susquehanna River Basin that spans three states in the United States, with management interests at the state, regional, and national levels.

The techniques that involve such comparative assessments are especially convenient for water resources with different quality characteristics. The reuse of the treated effluent of wastewater treatment plants in irrigation is a commonly applied method in semiarid regions such as the Mediterranean where water is a scarce commodity. However, these effluents must be comparatively assessed with other sources of irrigation waters to evaluate the pros and cons of their application particularly in irrigating edible crops.

Eight wells were monitored for a period of seven years. These wells were located upstream, under direct influence of AWSP, along the watercourse where AWSP effluent is discharged. Wells located under the direct influence have shown higher concentrations of pollutants in comparison with the other monitored wells. Comparison of the water quality of the wells with the AWSP influent and effluent quality has shown that AWSP is not the main source of pollution. Additionally, agricultural activities and overpumping practices are the major potential sources of pollution.

Oxidation pond techniques have become very popular with small communities because of their low construction and operating cost and offer a significant financial advantage over other recognized treatment methods. However, in the arid and semiarid regions the salination due to the evaporation is one of the main problems. The present year long study evaluates the use of aerated lagoons system for the treatment of municipal wastewater in Ismailia, Egypt. The treated effluent is presently used for irrigating lumber trees forest around the wastewater treatment plant on the sandy desert soil.

A multidisciplinary water management model was constructed that combines hydrological, technological, economic, and regional planning aspects, and applied it to a case study of two regions in Israel. The model enables to forecast the chloride concentration in the aquifer over time, estimate the cost of different desalination technologies, and plan the supply and treatment of different water resources.

The current demographic scenario of the world shows that the population of developing countries is growing at an unprecedented rate with the increasing scarcity of freshwater resources. Therefore there is a great need to propose appropriate wastewater treatment in such countries to reuse wastewater. Wastewater treatment should not only target pathogens removal but also many compounds named endocrine disruptors (EDCs) which have not been included yet in reuse wastewater legislations. This paper provides information on the fate of EDCs in wastewater treatment, current wastewater legislations and it also summarizes a recently developed decision support tool for decision makers (wastewater technologists and risk analyzers) to improve their decision processes in respect to wastewater treatment and reuse schemes.