Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

Compartir en
redes sociales


Annual Review of Genetics

Resumen/Descripción – provisto por la editorial en inglés
The Annual Review of Genetics, in publication since 1967, covers significant developments in the field of genetics. These include biochemical, behavioral, cell, and developmental genetics; evolutionary and population genetics; chromosome structure and transmission; gene function and expression; mutation and repair; genomics; immunogenetics; and other topics as related to the genetics of viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals, including humans.
Palabras clave – provistas por la editorial

No disponibles.

Disponibilidad
Institución detectada Período Navegá Descargá Solicitá
No detectada desde dic. 1993 / hasta dic. 2023 Annual Reviews

Información

Tipo de recurso:

revistas

ISSN impreso

0066-4197

ISSN electrónico

1545-2948

Editor responsable

Annual Reviews Inc.

País de edición

Estados Unidos

Fecha de publicación

Cobertura temática

Tabla de contenidos

The 3D-Evo Space: Evolution of Gene Expression and Alternative Splicing Regulation

Federica Mantica; Manuel Irimia

<jats:p> Animal species present relatively high levels of gene conservation, and yet they display a great variety of cell type and tissue phenotypes. These diverse phenotypes are mainly specified through differential gene usage, which relies on several mechanisms. Two of the most relevant mechanisms are regulated gene transcription, usually referred to as gene expression (rGE), and regulated alternative splicing (rAS). Several works have addressed how either rGE or rAS contributes to phenotypic diversity throughout evolution, but a back-to-back comparison between the two molecular mechanisms, specifically highlighting both their common regulatory principles and unique properties, is still missing. In this review, we propose an innovative framework for the unified comparison between rGE and rAS from different perspectives: the three-dimensional (3D)-evo space. We use the 3D-evo space to comprehensively ( a) review the molecular basis of rGE and rAS (i.e., the molecular axis), ( b) depict the tissue-specific phenotypes they contribute to (i.e., the tissue axis), and ( c) describe the determinants that drive the evolution of rGE and rAS programs (i.e., the evolution axis). Finally, we unify the perspectives emerging from the three axes by discussing general trends and specific examples of rGE and rAS tissue program evolution. </jats:p><jats:p> Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genetics, Volume 56 is November 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates. </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Genetics.

Pp. No disponible

Errors of the Egg: The Establishment and Progression of Human Aneuploidy Research in the Maternal Germline

Jennifer R. Gruhn; Eva R. Hoffmann

<jats:p> Meiosis, a key process in the creation of haploid gametes, is a complex cellular division incorporating unique timing and intricate chromosome dynamics. Abnormalities in this elaborate dance can lead to the production of aneuploid gametes, i.e., eggs containing an incorrect number of chromosomes, many of which cannot generate a viable pregnancy. For many decades, research has been attempting to address why this process is notoriously error prone in humans compared to many other organisms. Rapidly developing technologies, access to new clinical material, and a mounting public infertility crisis have kept the field both active and quickly evolving. In this review, we discuss the history of aneuploidy in humans with a focus on its origins in maternal meiosis. We also gather current working mechanistic hypotheses, as well as up-and-coming areas of interest that point to future scientific avenues and their potential clinical applications. </jats:p><jats:p> Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genetics, Volume 56 is November 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates. </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Genetics.

Pp. No disponible

A Half Century Defining the Logic of Cellular Life

Lucy Shapiro

<jats:p> Over more than fifty years, I have studied how the logic that controls and integrates cell function is built into the dynamic architecture of living cells. I worked with a succession of exceptionally talented students and postdocs, and we discovered that the bacterial cell is controlled by an integrated genetic circuit in which transcriptional and translational controls are interwoven with the three-dimensional deployment of key regulatory and morphological proteins. Caulobacter's interconnected genetic regulatory network includes logic that regulates sets of genes expressed at specific times in the cell cycle and mechanisms that synchronize the advancement of the core cyclical circuit with chromosome replication and cytokinesis. Here, I have traced my journey from New York City art student to Stanford developmental biologist. </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Genetics.

Pp. 1-15

The Genetics of Autophagy in Multicellular Organisms

Hong Zhang

<jats:p> Autophagy, a lysosome-mediated degradation process evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals, is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and combating diverse cellular stresses. Autophagy involves de novo synthesis of a double-membrane autophagosome, sequestration of selected cellular contents, and subsequent delivery of sequestrated contents to the vacuole (in yeasts and plants) or to lysosomes (in animal cells) for degradation and recycling. Genetic studies in unicellular and multicellular model organisms have systematically revealed the molecular machinery, regulation, and function of autophagy in physiological settings. I review genetic studies in model organisms—from yeast to worm to fly—that enable us to not only identify autophagy genes, including ATG genes and the metazoan-specific EPG genes, but also uncover variants of autophagy in developmental contexts, novel regulatory mechanisms, and signaling events involved in mediating systemic autophagy response. Genetic analysis also helps us understand the liquid–liquid phase separation and transition that control autophagic degradation of protein aggregates. The emerging role of autophagy in zebrafish tissue regeneration is also discussed. </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Genetics.

Pp. 17-39

The Awesome Power of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease

Kyle D. Gibbs; Benjamin H. Schott; Dennis C. Ko

<jats:p> Since the identification of sickle cell trait as a heritable form of resistance to malaria, candidate gene studies, linkage analysis paired with sequencing, and genome-wide association (GWA) studies have revealed many examples of genetic resistance and susceptibility to infectious diseases. GWA studies enabled the identification of many common variants associated with small shifts in susceptibility to infectious diseases. This is exemplified by multiple loci associated with leprosy, malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which illuminate genetic architecture and implicate pathways underlying pathophysiology. Despite these successes, most of the heritability of infectious diseases remains to be explained. As the field advances, current limitations may be overcome by applying methodological innovations such as cellular GWA studies and phenome-wide association (PheWA) studies as well as by improving methodological rigor with more precise case definitions, deeper phenotyping, increased cohort diversity, and functional validation of candidate loci in the laboratory or human challenge studies. </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Genetics.

Pp. 41-62

The Epigenetic Control of the Transposable Element Life Cycle in Plant Genomes and Beyond

Peng Liu; Diego Cuerda-Gil; Saima Shahid; R. Keith Slotkin

<jats:p> Within the life cycle of a living organism, another life cycle exists for the selfish genome inhabitants, which are called transposable elements (TEs). These mobile sequences invade, duplicate, amplify, and diversify within a genome, increasing the genome's size and generating new mutations. Cells act to defend their genome, but rather than permanently destroying TEs, they use chromatin-level repression and epigenetic inheritance to silence TE activity. This level of silencing is ephemeral and reversible, leading to a dynamic equilibrium between TE suppression and reactivation within a host genome. The coexistence of the TE and host genome can also lead to the domestication of the TE to serve in host genome evolution and function. In this review, we describe the life cycle of a TE, with emphasis on how epigenetic regulation is harnessed to control TEs for host genome stability and innovation. </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Genetics.

Pp. 63-87

Gametogenesis: Exploring an Endogenous Rejuvenation Program to Understand Cellular Aging and Quality Control

Tina L. Sing; Gloria A. Brar; Elçin Ünal

<jats:p> Gametogenesis is a conserved developmental program whereby a diploid progenitor cell differentiates into haploid gametes, the precursors for sexually reproducing organisms. In addition to ploidy reduction and extensive organelle remodeling, gametogenesis naturally rejuvenates the ensuing gametes, leading to resetting of life span. Excitingly, ectopic expression of the gametogenesis-specific transcription factor Ndt80 is sufficient to extend life span in mitotically dividing budding yeast, suggesting that meiotic rejuvenation pathways can be repurposed outside of their natural context. In this review, we highlight recent studies of gametogenesis that provide emerging insight into natural quality control, organelle remodeling, and rejuvenation strategies that exist within a cell. These include selective inheritance, programmed degradation, and de novo synthesis, all of which are governed by the meiotic gene expression program entailing many forms of noncanonical gene regulation. Finally, we highlight critical questions that remain in the field and provide perspective on the implications of gametogenesis research on human health span. </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Genetics.

Pp. 89-112

Asymmetric Histone Inheritance: Establishment, Recognition, and Execution

Jennifer A. Urban; Rajesh Ranjan; Xin Chen

<jats:p> The discovery of biased histone inheritance in asymmetrically dividing Drosophila melanogaster male germline stem cells demonstrates one means to produce two distinct daughter cells with identical genetic material. This inspired further studies in different systems, which revealed that this phenomenon may be a widespread mechanism to introduce cellular diversity. While the extent of asymmetric histone inheritance could vary among systems, this phenomenon is proposed to occur in three steps: first, establishment of histone asymmetry between sister chromatids during DNA replication; second, recognition of sister chromatids carrying asymmetric histone information during mitosis; and third, execution of this asymmetry in the resulting daughter cells. By compiling the current knowledge from diverse eukaryotic systems, this review comprehensively details and compares known chromatin factors, mitotic machinery components, and cell cycle regulators that may contribute to each of these three steps. Also discussed are potential mechanisms that introduce and regulate variable histone inheritance modes and how these different modes may contribute to cell fate decisions in multicellular organisms. </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Genetics.

Pp. 113-143

Quiescence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Linda L. Breeden; Toshio Tsukiyama

<jats:p> Most cells live in environments that are permissive for proliferation only a small fraction of the time. Entering quiescence enables cells to survive long periods of nondivision and reenter the cell cycle when signaled to do so. Here, we describe what is known about the molecular basis for quiescence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with emphasis on the progress made in the last decade. Quiescence is triggered by depletion of an essential nutrient. It begins well before nutrient exhaustion, and there is extensive crosstalk between signaling pathways to ensure that all proliferation-specific activities are stopped when any one essential nutrient is limiting. Every aspect of gene expression is modified to redirect and conserve resources. Chromatin structure and composition change on a global scale, from histone modifications to three-dimensional chromatin structure. Thousands of proteins and RNAs aggregate, forming unique structures with unique fates, and the cytoplasm transitions to a glass-like state. </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Genetics.

Pp. 253-278

Unlocking the Complex Cell Biology of Coral–Dinoflagellate Symbiosis: A Model Systems Approach

Marie R. Jacobovitz; Elizabeth A. Hambleton; Annika Guse

<jats:p> Symbiotic interactions occur in all domains of life, providing organisms with resources to adapt to new habitats. A prime example is the endosymbiosis between corals and photosynthetic dinoflagellates. Eukaryotic dinoflagellate symbionts reside inside coral cells and transfer essential nutrients to their hosts, driving the productivity of the most biodiverse marine ecosystem. Recent advances in molecular and genomic characterization have revealed symbiosis-specific genes and mechanisms shared among symbiotic cnidarians. In this review, we focus on the cellular and molecular processes that underpin the interaction between symbiont and host. We discuss symbiont acquisition via phagocytosis, modulation of host innate immunity, symbiont integration into host cell metabolism, and nutrient exchange as a fundamental aspect of stable symbiotic associations. We emphasize the importance of using model systems to dissect the cellular complexity of endosymbiosis, which ultimately serves as the basis for understanding its ecology and capacity to adapt in the face of climate change. </jats:p><jats:p> Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genetics, Volume 57 is November 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates. </jats:p>

Palabras clave: Genetics.

Pp. No disponible