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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Purpose</jats:title> <jats:p>Past mining activities in northwestern Mexico have left a large number of abandoned mine tailings deposits, such as in San Felipe de Jesus, Sonora, that is known to be transferring metal(oid)s to nearby agricultural fields. Given the risk and the need to implement mitigation measures, in this paper, we describe the results of two experiments evaluating the phytostabilization potential of five plant species collected in the area.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>We evaluated the assisted phytostabilization approach using compost and nutrients and the soil capping approach using combinations of soil, gravel, clay, and tailings layers.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>The assisted experiment revealed that seedlings were unable to establish under unamended treatments and only <jats:italic>Ricinus communis</jats:italic> showed potential under this approach. Compost and nutrients reduced the accumulation of As, Pb, Mn, and Zn in leaves of <jats:italic>R. communis</jats:italic>, but some were above the maximum tolerable levels for domestic animals. Under the capping approach, <jats:italic>R. communis</jats:italic> also showed better performance under some combinations of soil, gravel, and tailings layers than the other species. The accumulation of As, Pb, and Mn in leaves was below the maximum tolerable levels for domestic animals, indicating that soil capping has greater potential in this abandoned tailing deposit.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title> <jats:p>The capping approach has more phytostabilization potential than the use of amendments, reducing the risk of incorporating metal(oid)s in the trophic web.</jats:p> </jats:sec>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Purpose</jats:title> <jats:p>Although struvite (MgNH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>PO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>·6H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O) is mostly considered to be a novel phosphorus (P) fertiliser, it does contain a significant amount of nitrogen (N). Yet, relatively little is known about the soil N dynamics in struvite-amended soils. Here, we focus on how struvite application impacts emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O), in relation to soil P status.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>We conducted a 54-day greenhouse pot experiment on two similar soils with different P status (“low-P soil”; “high-P soil”) seeded with <jats:italic>Lolium perenne</jats:italic> L. We applied seven fertiliser treatments (Control; Struvite granules; Struvite powder; Urea; Triple superphosphate (TSP); TSP + Struvite granule; TSP + Urea). Except for the unfertilised Control and the TSP treatments, N application rate was 150 kg N‧ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. Nitrous oxide (N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O) fluxes, aboveground yield, plant N and P uptake and readily plant-available soil N and P contents were measured.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>In the low-P soil, none of the fertiliser treatments induced a significant increase in N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O emission compared to the control. In the high-P soil, struvite application resulted in lower emissions than urea application, statistically not different from the control treatment. Struvite powder significantly increased both plant N and P uptake compared to granular struvite and the resulting yield was similar to conventional fertilisation (TSP and Urea). Any struvite application also resulted in lower readily plant-available soil nitrate contents than urea.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title> <jats:p>Our results suggest that struvite fertilisation can reduce the risk of gaseous N losses without compromising agronomic performance. Pulverizing struvite granules further promotes its dissolution, which could be useful for crops with early nutrient needs.</jats:p> </jats:sec>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background and aims</jats:title> <jats:p>For invasive plant species that associate with mutualistic symbionts, partner quality can be critical to their invasion success. This might be particularly true for legumes that host nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia). Here, we examined the relative effectiveness of rhizobial strains on the invasive legume <jats:italic>Lupinus polyphyllus</jats:italic>.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>We isolated rhizobia from field populations of <jats:italic>L. polyphyllus</jats:italic> and conducted inoculation experiments in which we quantified plant growth in greenhouse and common-garden conditions.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Differences in nodulation and effectiveness in terms of increasing plant growth among rhizobial strains of the genus <jats:italic>Bradyrhizobium</jats:italic> were more pronounced in the greenhouse than in the common garden. All six rhizobial strains nodulated the host plant in greenhouse conditions, but one failed to nodulate in the common garden. Under greenhouse conditions, five rhizobial strains increased plant biomass by 66–110%, while one provided negligible benefits compared to control plants without rhizobia, suggesting that rhizobial identity might be critical to the invader’s performance. However, the common-garden experiment revealed no differences in the effectiveness of rhizobial strains in terms of plant biomass, number of leaflets per leaf, height, root:shoot ratio, or survival. Moreover, the performance of rhizobia-inoculated plants in the common garden did not differ from plants without rhizobia, which may call into question the fitness benefits of rhizobia to field populations of this species.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>The discrepancies observed between the two environments highlight the importance of considering field-realistic growing conditions and multiple plant traits when assessing the potential growth benefits of symbiotic partners to host plants.</jats:p> </jats:sec>