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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The Olenek–Anabar Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element (OLA CTSE) is located in the northern part of the Siberian Craton. Its structure and depositional history is controlled by two main tectonic events: (i) Mesoproterozoic rifting and (ii) Ediacaran–Cambrian (to Middle Devonian?) post-rift thermal subsidence. The sedimentary succession is mainly represented by Mesoproterozoic–Cambrian strata, including the black shales of the lower–middle Kuonamka Formation. The hydrocarbon potential of the OLA CTSE is defined by the presence of large superficial bitumen fields, anticlinal structures, large reefal build-ups and direct proximity to the potential source rock (Kuonamka Formation). A very scarce grid of seismic profiles and a lack of exploration wells limit the knowledge of the petroleum potential. The lack of seals and broad occurrences of faults, causing significant vertical permeability of sediment cover, and abundant occurrences of mafic and kimberlite magmatism are limiting factors with regard to the petroleum potential. Wells drilled during the Soviet era did not recover any commercial discoveries.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The Canadian Arctic–Beaufort Sea Rifted Margin (CARM) Tectono-Sedimentary Element (TSE) is located on the continental shelf and slope that lie to the west of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and to the north of the Mackenzie Delta. The TSE comprises the rift succession deposited on the eastern and southern margins of the Amerasia Basin, coincident with the opening of this basin. The TSE strata range in age from the latest Triassic (Rhaetian) to Early Cretaceous (Albian). A major unconformity marks the base of the TSE, with underlying rocks consisting of moderately to highly deformed Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoic rocks that are regarded as basement. The TSE is overlain by the Canadian Arctic Prograded Margin (CAPM) TSE, with the boundary being a significant unconformity in landward areas. Well data are limited to the Beaufort–Mackenzie area, and reflection and refraction seismic data indicate that the succession is up to 4 km thick. The TSE is divided into four structural domains, with deformation increasing to the north. The Beaufort–Mackenzie Domain is dominated by extensional structures, with later contractional structures present in its western portion. The Southern Domain is extensional and characterized by normal faults with tilted fault blocks. The structure of the Central Domain is similar to that of the Southern Domain but may include broad folds formed during the Paleogene Eurekan Orogeny. The succession in the Northern Domain is likely to be strongly folded and cut by thrust faults of the Eurekan Orogeny. Cretaceous extrusive and intrusive basic rocks, related to magmatism in the northern Amerasia Basin, are present in both the Central and Northern domains. Petroleum source rocks, of both lacustrine and marine origin, may be present in the Jurassic portion of the succession and marine shales in the Lower Cretaceous succession. The potential for structural and stratigraphic traps in widespread sandstone units of alluvial fan to marine slope origin is high. The remote location of the TSE, however, makes it likely that it will not be a target for petroleum exploration in the foreseeable future.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The Northern Svalbard Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element (CTSE) comprises Proterozoic, Early Paleozoic, and Devonian sedimentary rocks preserved in northern Svalbard and on the adjacent shelf margin. Here, the sedimentary strata of the CTSE are preserved between complexes of metamorphic and crystalline basement rocks. The Northern Svalbard CTSE covers four main tectonostratigraphic elements: Tonian syn-rift, Neoproterozoic to Cambrian post-rift, Ordovician passive margin, and late Silurian?/Devonian syn-extensional basins. The oldest documented sedimentary strata are greywacke and shale deposited after the Greenvillian Orogeny and assumed to be younger than 980-960 Ma. The present CTSE further includes Cambrian-Ordovician sedimentary rocks in Ny-Friesland and Nordaustlandet, while the dominant part of the CTSE are continental Old Red Sandstone sediments of the late Silurian?/Early Devonian Red Bay and Siktefjellet groups and the Early-Late Devonian Andreé Land Group onshore northern Spitsbergen. Locally, the Cambrian-Ordovician formations contain petroleum source rocks with moderate total organic carbon contents and relatively high hydrogen index values, suggesting a good potential for oil generation. There are possible reservoirs, seals, and traps in some of the basins, but the CTSE generally holds a very limited potential as a petroleum province, particularly as the region is under strict environmental protection.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The Lomonosov Ridge (LR) is a sliver of continental crust, a microcontinent that stretches across the Arctic Ocean and separates the Mesozoic Amerasia Basin from the Cenozoic Eurasia Basin. The LR is thought to have been separated from the northern Barents-Kara Sea passive continental margin by continental rifting at about 53-56 Ma and the subsequent formation of the oceanic crust in the Eurasia Basin. Following the nomenclature of this volume, the sedimentary succession of the LR and nearby area forms a composite tectono-sedimentary element containing an assemblage of the following main tectono-sedimentary elements (TSEs): (1) an undefined group of pre-rift TSEs mostly composed of Mesozoic and poorly known Paleozoic successions, (2) the Cretaceous-Paleocene syn-rift TSE, and (3) the Eocene-Holocene post-rift TSE. The age of the LR's folded and metamorphosed basement can be inferred based on correlations to basement units of the northern Eurasian passive continental margin which may include a variety of geological structures formed during Timanian, Caledonian, late Paleozoic and Mesozoic orogenic events. The pre-rift TSE includes the oldest and most poorly known offshore sedimentary succession in the Arctic region. The lithostratigraphic units of these basins were mainly characterized by a handful samples collected at the seafloor, and by correlation with better known stratigraphy of the conjugate continental margin. The syn-rift TSE of Cretaceous-Paleocene age has been defined based on seismic data and samples of sedimentary rocks recovered during the Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX), as well as from seismic facies correlation between the LR and Podvodnikov-Makarov, Laptev and East Siberian Sea basins. The post-rift Cenozoic sedimentary record was documented by the ACEX well in the central part of the LR.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The East Barents Sea (E Barents Sea) includes two major tectonic elements, the East Barents Basin (EB Basin) and the Admiralty High, which are, in the context of the volume, characterized as composite tectono-sedimentary elements. Whereas they share some stratigraphy, their early history may differ. The EB Basin is a dominant structural feature of the Barents Shelf, and one of the largest and deepest sedimentary basins in the Arctic. Admiralty High rims the EB Basin in the east.</jats:p> <jats:p>The advance in understanding the E Barents Sea geology was achieved during 1980s and 1990s mainly due to a significant amount of multichannel reflection seismic data and a number of drilled deep exploration wells. These wells tested many large anticlinal structures and made several large gas discoveries including a giant Shtokman gas and gas condensate accumulation. In the following decades, many important geological results were published in the international and Russian literature. In this chapter we provide a summary of the geology and petroleum geology of the E Barents Sea based on published results and public-domain geological reports.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The Norwegian Sea oceanic basins and prograded margins developed since NE Atlantic breakup in the earliest Eocene. Significant amounts of sediments were fed to the regionally subsiding and widening Norwegian Sea during the Cenozoic as a result of several phases of uplift and erosion of the bounding shelves and their hinterland. Despite an overall passive margin evolution, the area experienced tectonic events and associated processes that interrupted the regional subsidence causing contraction/inversion and tilting. The post-breakup depositional history of the mid-Norwegian margin comprises two main stages: (1) middle Eocene-Pliocene margin subsidence and relatively modest sedimentation during a period of climatic decline; and (2) latest Pliocene-Pleistocene full-scale Northern Hemisphere glaciations resulting in deep erosion of shelves and hinterlands, and very high sedimentation rates and large-scale continental margin progradation. Slope failures within rapidly deposited glacial sediments affected both prograded margins releasing large slides travelling down-slope into the oceanic Norway and Lofoten basins. Despite a long exploration history for prospects in deeper waters and large amounts of data acquisition, no significant discovery has been made.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>East Greenland Prograded Margin and Greenland Sea Oceanic Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element (EGPMGSO-CTSE) consists of the East Greenland Prograded Margin- and the Greenland Sea Oceanic Tectonic-Sedimentary Elements located over continental and oceanic crust, respectively. The East Greenland Prograded Margin Tectono-Sedimentary Element (EGPM-TSE) is made of six segments with their basal part deferring from Maastrichtian to Miocene in age. The variation reflects the different timing in transition from syn- to post-rift, controlled by the lateral migration of rifting and diachronic continental break-up in northern North Atlantic. The post-rift history can be subdivided into a pre-break-up Maastrichtian-Paleocene post-rift phase developed entirely offshore NE Greenland, an earliest Eocene to Miocene syn- to post-break-up phase developed in the wake of progressive continental rupture. Finally, the cTSE started to develop as a unified body since the Miocene after the complete separation of Greenland from Eurasia and the Jan Mayen microcontinent. The Greenland Sea Oceanic Tectonic-Sedimentary Element formed since the earliest Eocene commencement of seafloor spreading. The structural and depositional outline of the EGPMGCO-CTSE depicts its tectonic history, but also reflects phases of volcanism, denudation and intensified icehouse conditions since the middle Miocene triggered by the Fram Strait opening and the East Greenland uplift. The first major northern hemisphere glaciations started in NE Greenland. Glaciations expanded southwards during the late Miocene as the Denmark Strait was transgressed and cold surface water from the high arctic started flowing along SE Greenland cooling the region. The petroleum potential of the EGPM-TSE is conceivably modest, but a potential exists locally offshore the northern NE Greenland where hydrocarbons sourced mainly from the Jurassic-Cretaceous section may have charged structures cored by Maastrichtian to Eocene sandstone reservoirs sealed by overlying marine mudstones.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The Canada Basin (CB) formed during a short period of seafloor spreading inferred to be Early Cretaceous in age. Brookian strata of inferred Early Cretaceous to Holocene age comprise the sedimentary fill of the Canada Basin Tectono-Sedimentary Element (CB TSE). Although the CB has remained tectonically quiet since seafloor spreading ceased, both proximal and distal tectonism (Alpha Ridge magmatism, and the Cordilleran, Brooks Range, and Eurekan orogenies) have influenced sediment source areas, dispersal paths, and thicknesses in the basin. In the Neogene, the dominant source of sediments is the Mackenzie River which drains northern portions of the Cordilleran orogen. The CB TSE is one of the most remote and challenging places on Earth to explore. Although regional seismic reflection and refraction data exist, there are no boreholes to constrain interpretations. Existing estimates of hydrocarbon potential range from limited (Houseknecht et al. 2020) to moderate (Grantz and Hart, 2012) to significant (Dietrich et al., 2018).</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The Northeast Canada Rifted Margin (NCRM) Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element (CTSE) developed during a long and complex history that produced two tectono-sedimentary elements (TSEs): (1) the pre-rift TSE of pre-Cretaceous age; and (2) the syn-rift TSE of Early Cretaceous-Paleocene age. The pre-rift TSE includes the oldest and most poorly known offshore sedimentary accumulations which mainly evolved in a cratonic setting. In contrast, Cretaceous-lower Paleocene sedimentary basins of the syn-rift TSE are known from several wells, seismic data, outcrops, and seabed samples, and their extent and distribution are mapped in most parts of the margin. The syn-rift TSE is the most prospective part of the margin and hydrocarbon shows have been documented in some wells and offshore seeps studies. This review provides insights into the Paleozoic-Cenozoic evolution of the NE Canada rifted margin in the Labrador Sea, Davis Strait, and Baffin Bay. In this context, we discuss structural inheritance and rift development, and account for confirmed and potential hydrocarbon systems and plays.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The North Barents Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element could represent a prosperous petroleum province in the Arctic with several large basins, platforms, and highs identified. The sedimentary succession ranges from the Late Paleozoic throughout most of the Mesozoic. Terrestrial sediments of the Billefjorden Group (Famennian - Visean) are likely present and overlain by evaporites and carbonates of the Gipsdalen Group (Serpukhovian - Late Artinskian). Most of the Triassic is dominated by deposits from a huge prograding deltaic system building out from the south, southeast and east, becoming successively younger towards northwest. The system was primarily sourced from the Urals, but also partly from mainland Norway and most likely from Taimyr. The progradation started in the Late Permian and reached Svalbard in the Early Carnian. The entire delta system was flooded during the regional Early Norian transgression, resulting in deposition of marine shales of the Flatsalen Formation (Svalbard) and the time equivalent Akkar Member of the Fruholmen Formation (Barents Sea). The Cretaceous and the Paleogene are comprehensively and completely, respectively, eroded. During Pliocene - Pleistocene, the entire Barents shelf was a site of repeated glaciations resulting in extensive erosion. Hydrocarbon source rocks occur at several stratigraphic levels from Carboniferous to Jurassic, of which the most important is assumed the Lower - Middle Triassic Steinkobbe / Botneheia Formation. The Upper Jurassic Hekkingen Formation, where present, is likely immature in the whole area. Potential reservoir rocks are Permian carbonates and siliciclastic rocks of Carboniferous and Mesozoic age.</jats:p>