Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Mr. Blebby</jats:title> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</jats:italic> , an important cause of contaminated fish-associated food poisoning, kills infected host cells within hours, using three sequential mechanisms: autophagy, cell rounding, and cell lysis. <jats:bold> Broberg <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1660" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="329" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1192850">1660</jats:related-article> , published online 19 August) now describe a molecular mechanism of a bacterial effector protein that facilitates cell lysis by disrupting a target involved in regulating membrane dynamics and the actin cytoskeleton. The <jats:italic>Vibrio</jats:italic> effector, VPA0450, causes target cell membrane blebbing. The protein acts as an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase and disrupts cytoskeletal binding sites on the inner surface of the plasma membrane of infected cells by hydrolyzing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. </jats:p>

<jats:title>α-Synuclein and Aging</jats:title> <jats:p> Transgenic α-synuclein can reverse the otherwise lethal neurodegeneration of cysteine string protein-α knockout mice via changes in SNARE proteins, which mediate synaptic vesicle release. Using experiments with purified recombinant proteins, triple αβγ-synuclein knockout mice, and studies of mouse aging, <jats:bold> Burré <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1663" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="329" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1195227">1663</jats:related-article> , published online 26 August) now demonstrate that α-synuclein directly interacts with the SNARE protein synaptobrevin and functions as a catalyst for SNARE-complex assembly. The role of synucleins is fully dispensable in young animals, but becomes essential late in life, which suggests that α-synuclein maintains normal synaptic function during aging. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Self-Renewing T Cells</jats:title> <jats:p> The homeostasis of cell populations within an organism can be achieved through a variety of mechanisms, including the differentiation of precursor populations, self-renewal of terminally differentiated cells, or by programming cells to be extremely long-lived. Regulatory T cells that express the transcription factor Foxp3 are critical for maintaining immune tolerance by preventing excessive inflammation and autoimmunity. <jats:bold> Rubtsov <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1667" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="329" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1191996">1667</jats:related-article> ) now use genetic fate mapping and cell transfer studies in vivo to demonstrate that Foxp3-expressing cells are remarkably stable under both basal and inflammatory conditions. Thus, regulatory T cells appear to be maintained through self-renewal and should maintain their identity if used in adoptive cell therapies for treatment of autoimmunity or other inflammatory disorders. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Discriminating Dendrites</jats:title> <jats:p> Can dendrites read out spatiotemporal input sequences? Combining two-photon glutamate uncaging and two-photon calcium imaging, electrophysiology, and computational modeling, <jats:bold> Branco <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1671" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="329" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1189664">1671</jats:related-article> , published online 12 August; see the Perspective by <jats:bold> <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="5999" page="1611" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="329" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1196743">Destexhe</jats:related-article> </jats:bold> ) discovered that single dendrites were indeed sensitive to both the direction and velocity of synaptic inputs. This direction- and velocity-sensitivity was measurable with only a few inputs and should thus be engaged frequently during normal brain function. </jats:p>

<jats:p>A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The show includes measuring relativity with optical clocks, relocating species threatened by climate change, funding stem cell research in the U.S., and more.</jats:p>