Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:p>A protein expressed in brain controls the plasticity of synaptic transmission by regulating the properties of a neurotransmitter receptor.</jats:p>

<jats:p>A sophisticated molecular design method yields an organic material for possible application in high-speed, all-optical communication.</jats:p>

<jats:p>What features of a society motivate individuals to behave fairly?</jats:p>

<jats:p>An iron alloy may open up new applications for strong materials that are also capable of large reversible shape changes.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Saturn's Secrets Probed</jats:title> <jats:p> The Cassini spacecraft was launched on 15 October 1997. It took it almost 7 years to reach Saturn, the second-largest planet in the solar system. After almost 6 years of observations of the series of interacting moons, rings, and magnetospheric plasmas, known as the Kronian system, <jats:bold> Cuzzi <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1470" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="327" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1179118">1470</jats:related-article> ) review our current understanding of Saturn's rings—the most extensive and complex in the solar system—and draw parallels with circumstellar disks. <jats:bold>Gombosi and Ingersoll</jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1476" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="327" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1179119">1476</jats:related-article> ; see the cover) review what is known about Saturn's atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Saturn's Secrets Probed</jats:title> <jats:p> The Cassini spacecraft was launched on 15 October 1997. It took it almost 7 years to reach Saturn, the second-largest planet in the solar system. After almost 6 years of observations of the series of interacting moons, rings, and magnetospheric plasmas, known as the Kronian system, <jats:bold> Cuzzi <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1470" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="327" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1179118">1470</jats:related-article> ) review our current understanding of Saturn's rings—the most extensive and complex in the solar system—and draw parallels with circumstellar disks. <jats:bold>Gombosi and Ingersoll</jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1476" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="327" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1179119">1476</jats:related-article> ; see the cover) review what is known about Saturn's atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere. </jats:p>

<jats:title>A Fair Society</jats:title> <jats:p> Many of the social interactions of everyday life, especially those involving economic exchange, take place between individuals who are unrelated to each other and often do not know each other. Countless laboratory experiments have documented the propensity of subjects to behave fairly in these interactions and to punish those participants deemed to have behaved unfairly. <jats:bold> Henrich <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1480" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="327" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1182238">1480</jats:related-article> , see the Perspective by <jats:bold> <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="5972" page="1467" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="327" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1188537">Hoff</jats:related-article> </jats:bold> ) measured fairness in thousands of individuals from 15 contemporary, small-scale societies to gain an understanding of the evolution of trustworthy exchange among human societies. Fairness was quantitated using three economic games. Various societal parameters, such as the extent to which food was purchased versus produced, were also collected. Institutions, as represented by markets, community size, and adherence to a world religion all predict a greater exercise of fairness in social exchange. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Dying by Design</jats:title> <jats:p> To make optical-switching applications a reality, losses from scattering and other absorption processes have to be minimized. <jats:bold> Hales <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1485" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="327" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1185117">1485</jats:related-article> , published online 18 February; see the Perspective by <jats:bold> <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="5972" page="1466" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="327" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1188291"> <jats:bold>Haque and Nelson</jats:bold> </jats:related-article> </jats:bold> ) present a strategy to explore the refraction and absorption properties of a group of cyanine dyes for designing materials that have properties corresponding to technologically interesting telecommunications windows. The optical properties of the cyanine molecule was controlled by adding heavy chalcogen atoms (selenium) into the end groups of the molecular structure. While producing a series of molecules meeting criteria for feasible application, the work also demonstrates a route to improve the performance of nonlinear optical materials. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Ferrous Shape Memory Alloy</jats:title> <jats:p> So-called shape memory alloys “remember” the shape they are processed into, and can return to that shape after being deformed by heat. A limitation for most metal-based shape memory alloys is the extent to which they can be deformed elastically. <jats:bold> Tanaka <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1488" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="327" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1183169">1488</jats:related-article> ; see the Perspective by <jats:bold> <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="5972" page="1468" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="327" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1186766">Ma and Karaman</jats:related-article> </jats:bold> ) demonstrate an iron-based alloy that shows much higher levels of superelastic strain, surpassing the performance of nickel-titanium alloys. In addition to high superelastic strain, this ferrous shape memory alloy has much higher strength than NiTi and copper-based shape memory alloys and, consequently, a high-energy absorption capability. These properties may allow shape memory alloys to be exploited as strain sensors or energy dampers. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Taming Turbulence</jats:title> <jats:p> When fluid flows through a pipe, if the inertial forces are increased or the viscosity is decreased, the flow will become increasing noisy and will shift from being laminar to turbulent. Turbulence can be triggered by roughness in the pipe or other irregularities, which cause local eddies that grow into full-scale disruption of the otherwise smooth flow. <jats:bold> Hof <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1491" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="327" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1186091">1491</jats:related-article> ; see the Perspective by <jats:bold> <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="5972" page="1462" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="327" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1187607">McKeon</jats:related-article> </jats:bold> ) show that a continuous turbulent eddy, downstream, eliminates the growth of upstream disturbances and can prevent the overall flow from becoming turbulent. Unlike many other control methods, the energy cost for implementing this strategy is less than the benefit gained by maintaining a laminar flow. </jats:p>