Catálogo de publicaciones - revistas

<jats:title>Sex Triangle</jats:title> <jats:p> The model organism <jats:italic>Dictyostelium discoideum</jats:italic> is a social amoeba that has three sexes, or mating types, that do not resemble those in any other eukaryote studied so far. Any two sexes can form a diploid zygote, which will recruit other haploid cells to form a macrocyst. <jats:bold> Bloomfield <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1533" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1197423">1533</jats:related-article> ; see the Perspective by <jats:bold> <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6010" page="1487" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1199899">Kessin</jats:related-article> </jats:bold> ) found that sex in this amoeba is determined by several genes at a locus on chromosome 5, with each mating type represented by a different version of the locus. Not all of the genes were directly essential for successful mating, and the master regulators appeared to be two small soluble intracellular proteins, which control mating types I and III, and a combination of homologs of these two proteins that control mating type II. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Muscle Building</jats:title> <jats:p> The signaling mechanisms involved in actin filament formation for myofibril formation, which is required for growth factor-induced muscle maturation and hypertrophy, remain unclear. <jats:bold> Takano <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1536" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1197767">1536</jats:related-article> ; see the Perspective by <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6010" page="1491" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1199920"> <jats:bold>Gautel and Ehler</jats:bold> </jats:related-article> ) now show that the mechanism involves the interaction of nebulin and N-WASP. N-WASP is an activator of the Arp2/3 complex, which induces branched actin filaments in nonmuscle cells. The nebulin–N-WASP complex formed in muscle, however, causes nucleation of unbranched actin filaments within myofibrils without the Arp2/3 complex. Nebulin–N-WASP–mediated myofibrillar actin filament formation is required for muscle hypertrophy and might explain a congenital hereditary neuromuscular disorder caused by nebulin gene mutation: nemaline myopathy. </jats:p>

<jats:title>From Blight to Powdery Mildew</jats:title> <jats:p> Pathogenic effects of microbes on plants have widespread consequences. Witness, for example, the cultural upheavals driven by potato blight in the 1800s. A variety of microbial pathogens continue to afflict crop plants today, driving both loss of yield and incurring the increased costs of control mechanisms. Now, four reports analyze microbial genomes in order to understand better how plant pathogens function (see the Perspective by <jats:bold> <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6010" page="1486" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1200245">Dodds</jats:related-article> </jats:bold> ). <jats:bold> Raffaele <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1540" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1193070">1540</jats:related-article> ) describe how the genome of the potato blight pathogen accommodates transfer to different hosts. <jats:bold> Spanu <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1543" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1194573">1543</jats:related-article> ) analyze what it takes to be an obligate biotroph in barley powdery mildew, and <jats:bold> Baxter <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1549" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1195203">1549</jats:related-article> ) ask a similar question for a natural pathogen of <jats:italic>Arabidopsis</jats:italic> . <jats:bold> Schirawski <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1546" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1195330">1546</jats:related-article> ) compared genomes of maize pathogens to identify virulence determinants. Better knowledge of what in a genome makes a pathogen efficient and deadly is likely to be useful for improving agricultural crop management and breeding. </jats:p>

<jats:title>From Blight to Powdery Mildew</jats:title> <jats:p> Pathogenic effects of microbes on plants have widespread consequences. Witness, for example, the cultural upheavals driven by potato blight in the 1800s. A variety of microbial pathogens continue to afflict crop plants today, driving both loss of yield and incurring the increased costs of control mechanisms. Now, four reports analyze microbial genomes in order to understand better how plant pathogens function (see the Perspective by <jats:bold> <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6010" page="1486" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1200245">Dodds</jats:related-article> </jats:bold> ). <jats:bold> Raffaele <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1540" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1193070">1540</jats:related-article> ) describe how the genome of the potato blight pathogen accommodates transfer to different hosts. <jats:bold> Spanu <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1543" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1194573">1543</jats:related-article> ) analyze what it takes to be an obligate biotroph in barley powdery mildew, and <jats:bold> Baxter <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1549" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1195203">1549</jats:related-article> ) ask a similar question for a natural pathogen of <jats:italic>Arabidopsis</jats:italic> . <jats:bold> Schirawski <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1546" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1195330">1546</jats:related-article> ) compared genomes of maize pathogens to identify virulence determinants. Better knowledge of what in a genome makes a pathogen efficient and deadly is likely to be useful for improving agricultural crop management and breeding. </jats:p>

<jats:title>From Blight to Powdery Mildew</jats:title> <jats:p> Pathogenic effects of microbes on plants have widespread consequences. Witness, for example, the cultural upheavals driven by potato blight in the 1800s. A variety of microbial pathogens continue to afflict crop plants today, driving both loss of yield and incurring the increased costs of control mechanisms. Now, four reports analyze microbial genomes in order to understand better how plant pathogens function (see the Perspective by <jats:bold> <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6010" page="1486" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1200245">Dodds</jats:related-article> </jats:bold> ). <jats:bold> Raffaele <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1540" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1193070">1540</jats:related-article> ) describe how the genome of the potato blight pathogen accommodates transfer to different hosts. <jats:bold> Spanu <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1543" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1194573">1543</jats:related-article> ) analyze what it takes to be an obligate biotroph in barley powdery mildew, and <jats:bold> Baxter <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1549" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1195203">1549</jats:related-article> ) ask a similar question for a natural pathogen of <jats:italic>Arabidopsis</jats:italic> . <jats:bold> Schirawski <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1546" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1195330">1546</jats:related-article> ) compared genomes of maize pathogens to identify virulence determinants. Better knowledge of what in a genome makes a pathogen efficient and deadly is likely to be useful for improving agricultural crop management and breeding. </jats:p>

<jats:title>From Blight to Powdery Mildew</jats:title> <jats:p> Pathogenic effects of microbes on plants have widespread consequences. Witness, for example, the cultural upheavals driven by potato blight in the 1800s. A variety of microbial pathogens continue to afflict crop plants today, driving both loss of yield and incurring the increased costs of control mechanisms. Now, four reports analyze microbial genomes in order to understand better how plant pathogens function (see the Perspective by <jats:bold> <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6010" page="1486" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1200245">Dodds</jats:related-article> </jats:bold> ). <jats:bold> Raffaele <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1540" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1193070">1540</jats:related-article> ) describe how the genome of the potato blight pathogen accommodates transfer to different hosts. <jats:bold> Spanu <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1543" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1194573">1543</jats:related-article> ) analyze what it takes to be an obligate biotroph in barley powdery mildew, and <jats:bold> Baxter <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1549" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1195203">1549</jats:related-article> ) ask a similar question for a natural pathogen of <jats:italic>Arabidopsis</jats:italic> . <jats:bold> Schirawski <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1546" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1195330">1546</jats:related-article> ) compared genomes of maize pathogens to identify virulence determinants. Better knowledge of what in a genome makes a pathogen efficient and deadly is likely to be useful for improving agricultural crop management and breeding. </jats:p>

<jats:title>Getting HIV Under Control</jats:title> <jats:p> Approximately 1 in 300 people infected with HIV are HIV “controllers” who are able to maintain long-term control of the virus without medication and who do not progress to AIDS. Uncovering the genetic basis for this ability is of great interest. <jats:bold> Pereyra <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> </jats:bold> (p. <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" page="1551" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1195271">1551</jats:related-article> , published online 4 November; see the Perspective by <jats:bold> <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" issue="6010" page="1488" related-article-type="in-this-issue" vol="330" xlink:href="10.1126/science.1200035">McMichael and Jones</jats:related-article> </jats:bold> ) now present genome-wide association results from patients enrolled in the International HIV Controllers Study. The analysis compared HIV controllers of European, African-American, and Hispanic descent with HIV progressors and found &gt;300 variants that reached genome-wide significance, all of which were in the major histocompatibility class I (HLA) region on chromosome 6. Analysis of the effects of individual amino acids within classical HLA proteins revealed six independently significant residues, five of which lined the peptide-binding groove. Thus, differences in binding to viral peptide antigens by HLA may be the major factors underlying genetic differences between HIV controllers and progressors. </jats:p>

<jats:p>The show includes cloud-climate feedback, how thinking about food reduces consumption, using DNA to fight fishing fraud, and more.</jats:p>

<jats:p>A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.</jats:p>