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Thousands of individual citations using the expression cancer advocacy can be found in contemporary medical and scientific literature as well as in the popular press and on Internet websites. For purposes of this chapter, the term cancer advocacy is used to describe a skill set that has been documented in previously published work by Clark and Stovall. 1 This chapter also includes specific examples of how self-described advocacy organizations are involved with research organizations and how they influence cancer research and related health policy.

This chapter highlights the recent call by the Institute of Medicine for the use of a cancer survivorship plan to be provided to patients and their primary care providers at the end of cancer treatment. The need for evidence-based guidance on surveillance regimens after cancer treatment, how best to communicate what cancer treatments were received, and what care should be provided after treatment, as well as mechanisms to share care between oncology specialists and primary care providers is discussed. With the expanding number of cancer survivors each year, oncologists must find creative ways to ensure that the gains obtained through successful cancer treatment are not lost when patients transition to this phase of their care.