Catálogo de publicaciones - libros

For many consumer products the packaging is as important as the product itself. This means that one does not exist without the other. The product development process, in this in case, is only complete when the packaging is also developed. This work aims to consider an integrated Sustainable Packaging Design Model(SPkDM). Therefore, in view of the imperious necessity and concurrence of PDP (Product Development Process) and PkDP (Packaging Development Process) and its interdependence and the resulted solutions, a model that also integrates the environmental aspects was established upon their initial phases. The strategies of eco-design and tools must be incorporated in each phase of the development process, as well as the assessment of the impacts, before going to the next phase.. They also provide the designers with data that will enable them to refine the packaging and the product. The model will instrument the packaging designers of the companies, guaranteeing that the process has a better ecological efficiency. The regular use of the model will bring as benefits time, cost and environmental impact reductions of the packaging.

In a global response to increasing health and environmental concerns, there has been a trend towards governments enacting legislation to encourage sustainable manufacturing where industry creates products that minimize environmental impact. This legislative trend seeks to shift the environmental responsibility of product manufacturing to the finished goods manufacturer. To meet this new responsibility, data relevant to the material composition of a product must flow unimpeded from the raw material producers to the final producers. Unfortunately, existing systems are ill-prepared to handle the new data requirements. For example, the European Union’s (EU) Energy Using Product (EuP) Directive will require that companies provide total energy used during a product’s lifecycle, including manufacturing and transportation energy. To meet these new requirements, new systems must be designed and implemented, or modifications made to existing data management systems. Because every law poses its own unique requirements on industry, it is not always clear what information will need to be collected and stored. This paper seeks to provide industry with a forward-looking view at new data exchange requirements needed within the manufacturing supply chain of the future. It surveys current and forthcoming environmental legislation including EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS), China RoHS, California RoHS, EU EuP, and the EU Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals Directive (REACH). The paper identifies the unique data requirements that will need to be incorporated in a products supply chain in order for companies to comply with each law.

With an ever-increasing awareness of the environmental impact of manufacturing, more and more political organizations (countries, states, and unions) are enacting legislation designed to protect the environment. One category of this restrictive legislation is called Extended Producer Responsibilities (EPR). EPR directives place greater responsibility on manufacturers for the environmental impact of their products. These laws shift the focus from the product’s origin to the product’s final destination and from the process of manufacturing to the product itself. The highest impact of these directives is the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive, finalized by the European Union in 2003. The RoHS directive restricts imports of new electrical and electronic equipment containing lead and five other hazardous substances. For manufacturers to successfully comply with RoHS and similar legislation, they need the ability to exchange material content information. This information would then propagate through the supply chain from the raw material suppliers all the way to the final producer. While a solution could be generated for any single piece of legislation, the problem is that companies will need to successfully deal with potentially dozens of laws and directives. To deal with this problem, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (a US Government Research Laboratory) developed a data model to address the underlying material declaration problem using a software development methodology. This data model was used in the development of IPC’s 1752 Material Declaration standard. IPC’s 1752 standard helps the electronics industry comply with RoHS by providing a data exchange mechanism by which businesses can declare the presence or absence of the restricted materials. While IPC 1752 was created to deal with EU’s RoHS, the data model was designed with the intent that it would be able to support future RoHS-like legislation (China RoHS, California RoHS, etc). Even if different solutions were developed for each piece of Legislation, they can interoperate provided they are based on the same data model. This paper looks at the data model designed for the IPC1752 standard, the methodology that was used to create it, and how it can be adapted to similar RoHS-like laws and directives.

ISO10303 STEP has been acknowledged by the world’s largest industrial companies, as the most important family of standards for the integration and exchange of product data under manufacturing domains. With the advent of globalization, smaller enterprises (SMEs) looking to level up with world-class competitors and raise their effectiveness are also realizing the importance of the usage of this kind of standards. However, to enable a model-based interoperability, STEP industrial standards, the Application Protocols (APs) follow a modular approach, i.e. they are composed by a set of generic purpose modules sharable by a number of different APs. This way, the core STEP reference models contain vague definitions that sometimes raise ambiguous interpretations. A possible solution to overcome this barrier would be to add further semantics to the concepts defined and enable STEP modules as ontologies, thus providing an alternative to traditional implementations. SMEs can benefit even more from this alternative, since OWL is currently a widespread technology, with abundant low cost supporting tools comparing to the ones dealing directly with STEP.

Proposition of innovative software platform dedicated to modelling of metallurgical processes is presented in the paper. Developed approach is based on the idea of material representation in the form of digital data sets describing various material properties in different length scales. The platform is equipped with additional software modules dedicated to support data gathering, microstructure image analysis, mesh generation and performance of multiscale simulations. The latter module, based on Cellular Automata — Finite Element (CAFE) method, contains two algorithms related to modelling of microstructural phenomena occuring in material during deformation under varying conditions i.e. micro shear and shear bands analysis and recrystallization modelling. The complex approach described in this paper allows not only knowledge based prediction of detailed material properties after thermomechanical metallurgical processes but it also gives possibility to modell entire life cycle of considered material. Thus, it facilitates the investigation of properties of final products and their development by strong quality improvement. Moreover, the platform allows to limit costs of manufacturing by reduction of many expensive industrial trials and their replacement by pure virtual research. Some of the results obtained from application of selected software modules are presented in the paper.

This paper explores the challenges in the collaborative implementation of interorganizational interoperability through observations of social dynamics. We focus on an inter-organizational information system that has interfaces with several information systems managed by different organizations. This complexity increases degrees of difficulty of the implementation projects. Our main finding is that as the inter-organizational nature of the problem increases considerably the technical complexity of the implementation, it also significantly increases difficulties in the social dynamics. We argue that a careful analysis of these social issues can reveal some interesting viewpoints that otherwise may stay hidden. We limit this paper to consider only the implementation of an inter-organizational information system that is implemented to support pre-defined joint functionalities.

The engineering data of a large enterprise is typically distributed over a wide area and archived in a variety of file systems and databases. Access to such information is crucial to team members and relevant processing services (applications, tools and utilities) in a concurrent engineering setting. However, this is not easy because there is no simple way to efficiently access the information without being knowledgeable about various file systems, file servers, and networks, especially when complex domain related data files get bigger. In a concurrent engineering environment, there is every need to be aware of the transparent and dynamic data perspectives of the other members of the team.

We have developed a Federated Service-Oriented File Transfer Framework called FICUS (Files In Chunks Utilizing Storage) with the objective to form dynamic federations of network services that provide engineering data, applications and tools on a grid. This framework fits the SORCER philosophy of grid interactive service-oriented programming, where users create distributed metaprograms using federated providers along with FICUS repository providers.

Our paper describes the methodology of how FICUS works along with the details of the implementation and extensions planned for the future. We believe the performance and reliability offered by FICUS will make it a very useful distributed file transfer protocol for a large design team and will make it very convenient to integrate heterogeneous legacy file systems.

The major objective of the Service Oriented Computing Environment (SORCER) is to form dynamic federations of network services that provide engineering data, applications and tools on an engineering grid with exertion-oriented programming. To meet the requirements of these services in terms of data shar-ing and managing in the form of data files, a corresponding federated file system, SILENUS, was developed. This system fits the SORCER philosophy of interactive exertion-oriented programming, where users create service-oriented programs and can access data files in the same way they use their local file system. This paper gives a brief overview of SORCER and then the SILENUS methodology is described.

Next, we discuss SILENUS gateway, management, and data services with related disconnected and data synchronization mechanisms. We also discuss experimental results of the implemented system.

In this paper, we introduce a P2P application signatures discovery algorithm based on the combination of sequence mining with digital search tree. At the same time, we develop an application which contains two functions. One is the pre-treatment of packages, and the other is the discovery of application signatures. Finally, we use the real packages, which are snatched from the network, to gain effective application signatures.

Business process management integrated with new product development (NPD) provides practices to help companies to improve their competitiveness. However, few companies know the benefits of these practices and few have the culture of systematically sharing knowledge about these practices to continually improve their NPD. In order to encourage companies to use process management with systematic sharing of knowledge, this paper proposes the development of a knowledge oriented process portal. This portal comprises information related to generic NPD reference models and its continual renewal by using the body of knowledge (BOK), made available by a community of practice (CoP).