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<jats:p>The near-threshold <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA ${e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to \varLambda \bar{\varLambda}$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_39_1_011201_ieqn3.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> reaction is studied with the assumption that the production mechanism is due to a near-<jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\varLambda \bar{\varLambda}$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_39_1_011201_ieqn4.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>-threshold bound state. The cross section of the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA ${e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to \varLambda \bar{\varLambda}$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_39_1_011201_ieqn5.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> reaction is parameterized in terms of the electromagnetic form factors of <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> hyperon, which are obtained with the vector meson dominance model. It is shown that the contribution to the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA ${e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to \varLambda \bar{\varLambda}$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_39_1_011201_ieqn6.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> reaction from a new narrow state with quantum numbers <jats:italic>J<jats:sup>PC</jats:sup> </jats:italic> = 1<jats:sup>−</jats:sup> is dominant for energies very close to threshold. The mass of this new state is around 2231 MeV, which is very close to the mass threshold of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\varLambda \bar{\varLambda}$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_39_1_011201_ieqn7.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, while its width is just a few MeV. This gives a possible solution to the problem that all previous calculations seriously underestimated the near-threshold total cross section of the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA ${e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to \varLambda \bar{\varLambda}$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_39_1_011201_ieqn8.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> reaction. We also note that the near-threshold enhancement can also be reproduced by including these well established vector resonances <jats:italic>ω</jats:italic>(1420), <jats:italic>ω</jats:italic>(1650), <jats:italic>ϕ</jats:italic>(1680), or <jats:italic>ϕ</jats:italic>(2170) with a Flatté form for their total decay width, and a strong coupling to the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\varLambda \bar{\varLambda}$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_39_1_011201_ieqn9.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> channel.</jats:p>

<jats:p>A microwave induced superposition of the 40<jats:italic>S</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1/2</jats:sub> and 40<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1/2</jats:sub> states of a Cs atom has been investigated in detail. Ultralong-range charge migration which spans a region more than 200 nm has been discovered. As far as we know, this is the first time to discover charge migration in such a long range. This leads to a large dipole moment which oscillates periodically. The present discovery may stimulate new applications such as quantum simulation of many body physics dominated by periodic interactions. In addition, we find an interesting phenomenon that Cs atoms in the superposition of 40<jats:italic>S</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1/2</jats:sub> and 40<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1/2</jats:sub> have a much larger blockade radius than those of Cs (40<jats:italic>S</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1/2</jats:sub>) or Cs (40<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1/2</jats:sub>) atoms.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Quantum Hall effects with multicomponent internal degrees of freedom facilitate the playground of novel emergent topological orders. Here, we explore the correlated topological phases of two-component hardcore bosons at a total filling factor <jats:italic>ν</jats:italic> = 2/5 in topological lattice models under the interplay of intracomponent and intercomponent repulsions. We give the numerical demonstration of the emergence of Halperin (441) fractional quantum Hall effect based on exact diagonalization and density-matrix renormalization group methods. We elucidate its topological features including the degeneracy of the ground state, fractionally quantized topological Chern number matrix and chiral edge modes.</jats:p>

<jats:p>We theoretically demonstrate that the electronic second-order topological insulator with robust corner states, having a buckled honeycomb lattice, can be realized in bismuthene by inducing in-plane magnetization. Based on the <jats:italic>sp</jats:italic> <jats:sup>3</jats:sup> Slater–Koster tight-binding model with parameters extracted from first-principles results, we show that spin-helical edge states along zigzag boundaries are gapped out by the in-plane magnetization whereas four robust in-gap electronic corner states at the intersection between two zigzag boundaries arise. By regulating the orientation of in-plane magnetization, we show different position distribution of four corner states with different energies. Nevertheless, it respects some spatial symmetries and thus can protect the higher-order topological phase. Combined with the Kane–Mele model, we discuss the influence of the magnetization orientation on the position distribution of corner states.</jats:p>

<jats:p>We studied anomalous Josephson effect (AJE) in Josephson trijunctions fabricated on Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>Se<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, and found that the AJE in T-shaped trijunctions significantly alters the Majorana phase diagram of the trijunctions, when an in-plane magnetic field is applied parallel to two of the three single junctions. Such a phenomenon in topological insulator-based Josephson trijunction provides unambiguous evidence for the existence of AJE in the system, and may provide an additional knob for controlling the Majorana bound states in the Fu–Kane scheme of topological quantum computation.</jats:p>

<jats:p>We use scanning tunneling microscopy to study the temperature evolution of electronic structure in Ca<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>Cu<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>Cl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> parent Mott insulator of cuprates. It is found that the upper Hubbard band moves towards the Fermi energy with increasing temperature, while the charge transfer band remains basically unchanged. This leads to a reduction of the charge transfer gap size at high temperatures, and the rate of reduction is much faster than that of conventional semiconductors. Across the Neel temperature for antiferromagnetic order, there is no sudden change in the electronic structure. These results shed new light on the theoretical models about the parent Mott insulator of cuprates.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The discovery of magnetic skyrmions provides a promising pathway for developing functional spintronic memory and logic devices. Towards the future high-density memory application, nanoscale skyrmions with miniaturized diameters, ideally down to 20 nm are required. Using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism transmission microscopy, nanoscale skyrmions are observed in the [Pt/Co/Ir]<jats:sub>15</jats:sub> multilayer at room temperature. In particular, small skyrmions with minimum diameters approaching 20 nm could be generated by the current-induced spin-orbit torques. Through implementing material specific parameters, the dynamic process of skyrmion generation is further investigated by performing micromagnetic simulations. According to the simulation results, we find that both the tube-like Néel-type skyrmions and the bobber-like Néel-type skyrmions can be electrically generated. In particular, the size of the bobber-like Néel-type skyrmions can be effectively reduced by the spin-orbit torques, which leads to the formation of 20 nm Néel-type skyrmions. Our findings could be important for understanding the formation dynamics of nanoscale Néel-type spin textures, skyrmions and bobber in particular, which could also be useful for promoting nanoscale skyrmionic memories and logic devices.</jats:p>

<jats:p>We investigate the absorption properties of cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) single crystals from ∼15 to 150cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> using the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. We observe that all the absorption modes exhibit strong anisotropic behavior in terms of the crystal orientations. We demonstrate that the anharmonic phonon model can well describe the temperature-dependent behaviors of these absorption modes. These results indicate that the intermolecular interaction plays a major role in the collective motion of large number of RDX molecules. Our findings provide important information for understanding and controlling the dynamic properties in the explosive materials.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Recently, research of solitons in Bose–Einstein condensates has become a popular topic. Here, we mainly study exact analytical solutions of Gross–Pitaevskii equations describing spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates. To begin with, we show the analytical relation between different types of one-dimensional spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman effect. In addition, we find a transformation that can simplify the three-component Gross–Pitaevskii equations with spin-orbit coupling into the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The abundant stripe phase and dynamic characteristics of the system are investigated.</jats:p>

<jats:p>We theoretically investigate dynamics of two dark solitons in a polariton condensate under nonresonant pumping, based on driven dissipative Gross–Pitaevskii equations coupled to the rate equation. The equation of motion of the relative center position of two-dark soliton is obtained analytically by using the Lagrangian approach. In particular, the analytical expression of the effective potential between two dark solitons is given. The resulting equation of motion captures how the open-dissipative character of a polariton Bose–Einstein condensate affects properties of dynamics of two-dark soliton, i.e., two-dark soliton relax by blending with the background at a finite time. We further simulate the relative motion of two dark solitons numerically with the emphasis on how two-soliton motion is manipulated by the initial velocity, in excellent agreement with the analytical results. The prediction of this work is sufficient for the experimental observations within current facilities.</jats:p>