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<jats:p> <jats:italic>Matter-wave interferometers with spin quantum states are attractive in quantum manipulation and precision measurements. Here, five spatial interference patterns corresponding to the full spin states are observed in each run of the experiment, by the combination of the Majorana transition according to the exponential modulation of the magnetic field pulse decline curve and radio frequency coupling among multiple magnetic sub-states. Compared to the realization of two Majorana transitions, the interference fringe for the magnetic field insensitive state also has a higher contrast. After spatially overlapping the full magnetic sub-state interference patterns dozens of times in consecutive experimental measurements, clear fringes are still observed, indicating the great stability of the relative phases of different components. This indicates the potential to achieve an interferometer with multiple spin clocks</jats:italic>.</jats:p>

<jats:p> <jats:italic>We study the fringe visibility and the which-path information (WPI) of a general Mach–Zehnder interferometer with an asymmetric beam splitter (BS). A minimum error measurement in the detector is used to extract the WPI. Both the fringe visibility V and the WPI I<jats:sub>path</jats:sub> are affected by the initial state of the photon and the second asymmetric BS. The condition in which the WPI takes the maximum is obtained. The complementarity relationship</jats:italic> <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA ${V}^{2}+{I}_{{\rm{path}}}^{2}\le 1$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>I</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">path</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_36_5_050302_ieqn1.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> <jats:italic>is found, and the conditions for equality are also presented</jats:italic>.</jats:p>

<jats:p> <jats:italic>Considering the influences of collective dephasing, multilocal qutrit-flip, local qutrit-flip, and the combination of global mixed noise, we study the dynamics of entanglement and the phenomenon of distillability of sudden death (DSD) in a qutrit-qutrit system under various decoherent noises. It is shown that the system always undergoes DSD when it interacts with multilocal and local qutrit-flip noise, and the time-determined bound entangled state is more dependent on different noises. Comparing with the cases of global mixed and collective dephasing noise, we conclude that the qutrit-flip noise is responsible for the DSD</jats:italic>.</jats:p>

<jats:p> <jats:italic>Three Alice–Bob Boussinesq (ABB) nonlocal systems with shifted parity</jats:italic> (<jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA ${\hat{P}}_{{\rm{s}}}$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_36_5_050501_ieqn1.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>), <jats:italic>delayed time reversal</jats:italic> (<jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA ${\hat{T}}_{{\rm{d}}}$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_36_5_050501_ieqn2.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>) and <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA ${\hat{P}}_{{\rm{s}}}{\hat{T}}_{{\rm{d}}}$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_36_5_050501_ieqn3.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> <jats:italic>nonlocalities are investigated. The multi-soliton solutions of these models are systematically found from the</jats:italic> <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA ${\hat{P}}_{{\rm{s}}}$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_36_5_050501_ieqn4.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA ${\hat{T}}_{{\rm{d}}}$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_36_5_050501_ieqn5.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA ${\hat{P}}_{{\rm{s}}}{\hat{T}}_{{\rm{d}}}$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_36_5_050501_ieqn6.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> <jats:italic>symmetry reductions of a coupled local Boussinesq system. The result shows that for ABB equations with</jats:italic> <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA ${\hat{P}}_{{\rm{s}}}$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_36_5_050501_ieqn7.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> and/or <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA ${\hat{T}}_{{\rm{d}}}$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_36_5_050501_ieqn8.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> <jats:italic>nonlocality, an odd number of solitons is prohibited. The solitons of the</jats:italic> <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA ${\hat{P}}_{{\rm{s}}}$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_36_5_050501_ieqn9.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> nonlocal ABB and <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA ${\hat{T}}_{{\rm{d}}}$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_36_5_050501_ieqn10.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> <jats:italic>nonlocal ABB equations must be paired, while any number of solitons is allowed for the</jats:italic> <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA ${\hat{P}}_{{\rm{s}}}{\hat{T}}_{{\rm{d}}}$?></jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cpl_36_5_050501_ieqn11.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> <jats:italic>nonlocal ABB system. t-breathers, x-breathers and rogue waves exist for all three types of nonlocal ABB system. In particular, different from classical local cases, the first-order rogue wave can have not only four leaves but also five and six leaves</jats:italic>.</jats:p>

<jats:p> <jats:italic>We theoretically investigate single-photon polarization conversion via scattering by an atom with Λ configuration coupled to a semi-infinite waveguide and discuss the two cases in which the Λ system is non-degenerated and degenerated. By applying the hard-wall boundary condition of the semi-infinite waveguide, it is found that single-photon polarization conversion can be realized with unit probability for both cases under the ideal condition. Together with the polarization conversion, the frequency conversion of a single photon can also be realized with unit probability in the ideal case if the Λ system is not degenerated</jats:italic>.</jats:p>

<jats:p> <jats:italic>Nanosecond pulse generation in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) passively mode-locked by a silver nanoparticle (SNP)-based saturable absorber (SA) is experimentally demonstrated. The SA is fabricated by depositing a nanosized SNP layer onto the surface of polyvinyl alcohol film through the thermal evaporation process. By inserting the SA into an EDFL cavity, stable mode-locked operation is achieved at 1561.5 nm with the maximum pulse energy up to 52.3 nJ. The laser operates at a pulse repetition frequency of 1.0 MHz with a pulse width of 202 ns. These results suggest that SNPs could be developed as an effective SA for mode-locking pulse generation</jats:italic>.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The dependence of harmonic emission from a solid on the carrier envelope phase (CEP) is discussed by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The harmonic spectra periodically exhibit three distinct oscillating structures, which indicate the different dependences of the cutoff energies on the CEP. Furthermore, with time-dependent population imaging and the populations of different energy bands, the underlying physical mechanism is explored.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The improved performance of a wavelength-tunable arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is demonstrated, including the crosstalk, insertion loss and the wavelength tuning efficiency. A reduced impact of the fabrication process on the AWG is achieved by the design of bi-level tapers. The wavelength tuning of the AWG is achieved according to the thermo-optic effect of silicon, and uniform heating of the silicon waveguide layer is achieved by optimizing the heater design. The fabricated AWG shows a minimum crosstalk of 16 dB, a maximum insertion loss of 3.91 dB and a wavelength tuning efficiency of 8.92 nm/W, exhibiting a ∼8 dB improvement of crosstalk, ∼2.1 dB improvement of insertion loss and ∼5 nm/W improvement of wavelength tuning efficiency, compared to our previous reported results.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The mechanical properties of formamidinium halide perovskites FABX<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> (FA=CH(NH<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>; B=Pb, Sn; X=Br, I) are systematically investigated using first-principles calculations. Our results reveal that FABX<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> perovskites possess excellent mechanical flexibility, ductility and strong anisotropy. We shows that the planar organic cation FA<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> has an important effect on the mechanical properties of FABX<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> perovskites. In addition, our results indicate that (i) the moduli (bulk modulus <jats:italic>B</jats:italic>, Young’s modulus <jats:italic>E</jats:italic>, and shear modulus <jats:italic>G</jats:italic>) of FABBr<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> are larger than those of FABI<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> for the same B atom, and (ii) the moduli of FAPbX<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> are larger than those of FASnX<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> for the same halide atom. The reason for the two trends is demonstrated by carefully analyzing the bond strength between B and X atoms based on the projected crystal orbital Hamilton population method.</jats:p>