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As the US population ages, the incidence and prevalence of various dementias will increase in the absence of new methods for preventing or reversing dementia. With 4 million individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in 1990, the National Institutes of Health estimates that there will be 8.5 million Americans with this disease by the year 2030, and an unknown number of people with other dementias. In 1998, the annual cost for the care of patients with AD in the Unites States was approx $40,000 per patient. If one were able to successfully identify and treat mild cognitive impairment (MCI) such that the progression of these individuals to AD could be delayed by 1 yr, there would be significant savings.

Migraine headache is a common disorder affecting nearly 18% of women and 6% of men in the United States. The American Academy of Neurology, in conjunction with the seven participating specialty societies of the US Headache Consortium, performed an evidence-based review of available treatments for migraine headache in both acute and preventive settings, as well as assessing the role of diagnostic imaging in evaluation and treatment of headache (,).

Sports, and specifically contact sports, have the potential for serious injury and it is vital to balance the risks of participation with the safety of the participants. It is the role of physicians and health care professionals, to be the objective and unbiased arbiter of decisions relating to the health of athletes under their care. It is the job of the medical staff to allow the participation and return to play of the athletes without compromising their health or safety.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) has been called “the most common disorder that is never heard of.” Although most primary care physicians have developed at least a passing familiarity with RLS in recent years, it remains true that this condition is very much underdiagnosed and undertreated. In an effort to promote more widespread awareness of RLS in the medical community and to share up-to-date knowledge regarding management of this condition, several guidelines, updates, and management algorithms have been published. These are summarized next.

Major depression is a clinical syndrome lasting at least up to 2 wk, during which the patient experiences either depressed mood or anhedonia (a decrease in interest in things that used to give pleasure) with at least five of the following nine symptoms:

Two guidelines issued by the subcommittee on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of the Committee on Quality Improvement for the American Academy of Pediatrics provide guidance for primary care clinicians interested in diagnosing and treating ADHD in school aged children. The 11 recommendations in these two guidelines encompass the spectrum of care for children suspected of or diagnosed with ADHD in the primary care setting.

In general, the treatment of delirium is broken down into three parts—psychiatric management, environmental and supportive interventions, and somatic interventions. In the broadest terms, the underlying cause of the delirium should be sought and treated if possible. Behavioral and environmental intervention should be optimized and instituted first. If necessary, to prevent patient distress or harm, pharmacological interventions should be instituted, the mainstay of which is haloperidol therapy.

The Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Panic Disorder was initially published in 1998 (()). A committee of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) performed a literature review and drafted a document, which was then revised by the members and other organizations, and approved by the APA assembly and Board of Trustees. The intent was to revise this guideline at 3- to 5-yr intervals, but as yet no revision is in process. The committee categorized the strength of its endorsement for each recommendation on a scale of I–III: