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<jats:p>The <jats:italic>α</jats:italic>-Ga<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> nanorod array is grown on FTO by hydrothermal and annealing processes. And a self-powered PEDOT:PSS/<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>-Ga<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> nanorod array/FTO (PGF) photodetector has been demonstrated by spin coating PEDOT:PSS on the <jats:italic>α</jats:italic>-Ga<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> nanorod array. Successfully, the PGF photodetector shows solar-blind UV/visible dual-band photodetection. Our device possesses comparable solar-blind UV responsivity (0.18 mA/W at 235 nm) and much faster response speed (0.102 s) than most of the reported self-powered <jats:italic>α</jats:italic>-Ga<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> nanorod array solar-blind UV photodetectors. And it presents the featured and distinguished visible band photoresponse with a response speed of 0.136 s at 540 nm. The response time is also much faster than the other non-self-powered <jats:italic>β</jats:italic>-Ga<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> DUV/visible dual-band photodetectors due to the fast-speed separation of photogenerated carries by the built-in electric field in the depletion regions of PEDOT:PSS/<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>-Ga<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> heterojunction. The results herein may prove a promising way to realize fast-speed self-powered <jats:italic>α</jats:italic>-Ga<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> photodetectors with solar-blind UV/visible dual-band photodetection by simple processes for the applications of multiple-target tracking, imaging, machine vision and communication.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Thermoelectric power generation provides us the unique capability to explore the deep space and holds promise for harvesting the waste heat and providing a battery-free power supply for IoTs. The past years have witnessed massive progress in thermoelectric materials, while the module-level development is still lagged behind. We would like to shine some light on the module-level design and characterization of thermoelectric power generators (TEGs). In the module-level design, we review material selection, thermal management, and the determination of structural parameters. We also look into the module-level characterization, with particular attention on the heat flux measurement. Finally, the challenge in the optimal design and reliable characterization of thermoelectric power generators is discussed, together with a calling to establish a standard test procedure.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The molecular mechanics/Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) method has been widely used in predicting the binding affinity among ligands, proteins, and nucleic acids. However, the accuracy of the predicted binding energy by the standard MM/PBSA is not always good, especially in highly charged systems. In this work, we take the protein–nucleic acid complexes as an example, and showed that the use of screening electrostatic energy (instead of Coulomb electrostatic energy) in molecular mechanics can greatly improve the performance of MM/PBSA. In particular, the Pearson correlation coefficient of dataset II in the modified MM/PBSA (<jats:italic>i.e.</jats:italic>, screening MM/PBSA) is about 0.52, much better than that (&lt; 0.33) in the standard MM/PBSA. Further, we also evaluate the effect of solute dielectric constant and salt concentration on the performance of the screening MM/PBSA. The present study highlights the potential power of the screening MM/PBSA for predicting the binding energy in highly charged bio-systems.</jats:p>

<jats:p>A-form DNA is one of the biologically active double helical structure. The study of A-DNA structure has an extensive application for developing the field of DNA packaging in biotechnology. In aqueous solution, the A-DNA structure will have a free transformation, the A-DNA structure will be translated into B-form structure with the evolution of time, and eventually stabilized in the B-DNA structure. To explore the stability function of the bivalent metal ions on the A-DNA structure, a series of molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on the A-DNA of sequence (CCCGGCCGGG). The results show that bivalent metal ions (Mg<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>, Zn<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>, Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>) generate a great effect on the structural stability of A-DNA in the environment of high concentration. As the interaction between metal ions and electronegative DNA chains, the stability of A-DNA in solution is gradually improved with the increasing solution concentration of ions. In metal salt solution with high concentration, metal ions can be easily distributed in the solvation shells around the phosphate groups and further lead to the formation of shorter and more compact DNA structure. Also, under the condition of the same concentration and valency of the metal ions, the stability of A-DNA structure is different. The calculations indicate that the structure of A-DNA in CaCl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> solution is less stable than in MgCl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and ZnCl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> solution.</jats:p>

<jats:p>With the emergence and rapid development of nanotechnology, the nanoparticles hybridized with multicomponent lipids are more and more used in gene delivery. These vectors interact with the cell membrane before entering into the cell. Therefore, the nature of this interaction is important in investigating multicomponent liposome-nanoparticle (MLP) transport across the cell membrane. In this paper the transport of MLPs across the membranes of giant vesicles (GVs) in solvents is studied by using the self-consistent field theory (SCFT). Based on the analysis of the MLP permeating the GV membranes, a simple transport model is proposed. The effects of the difference in membrane morphology and the size of the nanoparticle on the endocytosis are discussed systematically. The role of energy barriers in quasi-equilibrium is also examined. The results indicate that the interaction between MLP and GV is a spontaneous process and the energy barrier needs overcoming to form metastable intermediates. The results provide theoretical reference for better understanding the transmembrane transport process of nanoparticles, and guidance for relevant experimental studies as well.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Quantum singular value thresholding (QSVT) algorithm, as a core module of many mathematical models, seeks the singular values of a sparse and low rank matrix exceeding a threshold and their associated singular vectors. The existing all-qubit QSVT algorithm demands lots of ancillary qubits, remaining a huge challenge for realization on near-term intermediate-scale quantum computers. In this paper, we propose a hybrid QSVT (HQSVT) algorithm utilizing both discrete variables (DVs) and continuous variables (CVs). In our algorithm, raw data vectors are encoded into a qubit system and the following data processing is fulfilled by hybrid quantum operations. Our algorithm requires <jats:italic>O</jats:italic>[log(<jats:italic>MN</jats:italic>)] qubits with <jats:italic>O</jats:italic>(1) qumodes and totally performs <jats:italic>O</jats:italic>(1) operations, which significantly reduces the space and runtime consumption.</jats:p>

<jats:p>A fully convolutional encoder–decoder network (FCEDN), a deep learning model, was developed and applied to image scanning microscopy (ISM). Super-resolution imaging was achieved with a 78 μm × 78 μm field of view and 12.5 Hz–40 Hz imaging frequency. Mono and dual-color continuous super-resolution images of microtubules and cargo in cells were obtained by ISM. The signal-to-noise ratio of the obtained images was improved from 3.94 to 22.81 and the positioning accuracy of cargoes was enhanced by FCEDN from 15.83 ± 2.79 nm to 2.83 ± 0.83 nm. As a general image enhancement method, FCEDN can be applied to various types of microscopy systems. Application with conventional spinning disk confocal microscopy was demonstrated and significantly improved images were obtained.</jats:p>

<jats:p>In recent years, significant increases in waste processing and material engineering have been seen by using advanced oxidation processes. The treatment results and energy yields of these processes are largely determined by the generation and retention of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, increasing the amount of ROS remains a key challenge because of the unavailability of performance- and energy-efficient techniques. In this study, plasma electrolysis, ultrasound, and plasma electrolysis combined with ultrasound were used to treat dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions, and the results showed that the two methods can synergistically convert filament discharge into spark discharge, and the conversion of the discharge mode can significantly increase the concentration of OH radicals and effectively improve the efficiency of DMSO degradation. We verified the rationality of the results by analyzing the mass transfer path of ROS based on the reaction coefficients and found that the ⋅OH radicals in aqueous solution were mainly derived from the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. These findings indicated that the synergistic action of plasma electrolysis and ultrasound can enhance the production of chemically reactive species, and provide new insights and guiding principles for the future translation of this combined strategy into real-life applications. Our results demonstrated that the synergistic strategy of ultrasound and plasma electrolysis is feasible in the switching mode and increasing the ROS, and may open new routes for materials engineering and pollutant degradation.</jats:p>

<jats:p>In recent years, most studies of complex networks have focused on a single network and ignored the interaction of multiple networks, much less the coupling mechanisms between multiplex networks. In this paper we investigate synchronization phenomena in multilayer networks with nonidentical topological structures based on three specific coupling mechanisms: assortative, disassortative, and anti-assortative couplings. We find rich and complex synchronous dynamic phenomena in coupled networks. We also study the behavior of effective frequencies for layers I and II to understand the underlying microscopic dynamics occurring under the three different coupling mechanisms. In particular, the coupling mechanisms proposed here have strong robustness and effectiveness and can produce abundant synchronization phenomena in coupled networks.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Single-photon interferometer is a fundamental element in quantum information science. In most previously reported works, single-photon interferometers use active feedback locking system to stabilize the relative phase between two arms of the interferometer. Here, we use a pair of beam displacers to construct a passively stable single-photon interferometer. The relative phase stabilization between the two arms is achieved by stabilizing the temperature of the beam displacers. A purely-polarized single-photon-level pulse is directed into the interferometer input port. By analyzing and measuring the polarization states of the single-photon pulse at the output port, the achieved polarization fidelity of interferometer is about 99.1±0.1%. Our passively stabilized single-photon interferometer provides a key element for generating high-fidelity entanglement between a photon and atomic memory.</jats:p>