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<jats:p>The impacts of shallow trench isolation (STI) indium implantation on gate oxide and device characteristics are studied in this work. The stress modulation effect is confirmed in this research work. An enhanced gate oxide oxidation rate is observed due to the enhanced tensile stress, and the thickness gap is around 5%. Wafers with and without STI indium implantation are manufactured using the 150-nm silicon on insulator (SOI) process. The ramped voltage stress and time to breakdown capability of the gate oxide are researched. No early failure is observed for both wafers the first time the voltage is ramped up. However, a time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) test shows more obvious evidence that the gate oxide quality is weakened by the STI indium implantation. Meanwhile, the device characteristics are compared, and the difference between two devices is consistent with the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) gap.</jats:p>

<jats:p>Organic thermoelectric (OTE) materials have been regarded as a potential candidate to harvest waste heat from complex, low temperature surfaces of objects and convert it into electricity. Recently, n-type conjugated polymers as organic thermoelectric materials have aroused intensive research in order to improve their performance to match up with their p-type counterpart. In this review, we discuss aspects that affect the performance of n-type OTEs, and further focus on the effect of planarity of backbone on the doping efficiency and eventually the TE performance. We then summarize strategies such as implementing rigid n-type polymer backbone or modifying conventional polymer building blocks for more planar conformation. In the outlook part, we conclude forementioned devotions and point out new possibility that may promote the future development of this field.</jats:p>

<jats:p>The doping process and thermoelectric properties of donor-acceptor (D-A) type copolymers are investigated with the representative poly([2,6′-4,8-di(5-ethylhexylthienyl)benzo[1,2-b;3,3-b] dithiophene]3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)-carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl)) (PTB7-Th). The PTB7-Th is doped by FeCl<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> and only polarons are induced in its doped films. The results reveal that the electron-rich donor units within PTB7-Th lose electrons preferentially at the initial stage of the oxidation and then the acceptor units begin to be oxidized at a high doping concentration. The energy levels of polarons and the Fermi level of the doped PTB7-Th remain almost unchange with different doping levels. However, the morphology of the PTB7-Th films could be deteriorated as the doping levels are improved, which is one of the main reasons for the decrease of electrical conductivity at the later stage of doping. The best electrical conductivity and power factor areobtained to be 42.3 S⋅cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and 33.9 μW⋅mK<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>, respectively, in the doped PTB7-Th film at room temperature. The power factor is further improved to 38.3 μW⋅mK<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> at 75 °C. This work may provide meaningful experience for development of D-A type thermoelectric copolymers and may further improve the doping efficiency.</jats:p>

<jats:p>This paper introduces a two-layer network to investigate the effects of cortico-thalamic circuits on the cortexʼs collective behavior. In the brain, different parts of the cortex collaborate to process information. One of the main parts, which is the path of different cortex contacts, is the thalamus whose circuit is referred to as the “vertical” cortico-thalamic connectivity. Thalamus subnuclei can participate in the processing of the information that passes through them. It has been shown that they play the functional role of logic gates (AND, OR and XOR). To study how these thalamus circuits affect the cortical neuron behavior, a two-layer network is proposed wherein the cortex layer is composed of Hindmarsh–Rose models and the thalamus layer is constructed with logic gates. Results show that considering these logic gates can lead the network towards different synchronization, asynchronization, chimera and solitary patterns. It is revealed that for AND-gate and OR-gate, increasing the number of gates or their outputs can increase and decrease the networkʼs coherency in excitatory and inhibitory cases, respectively. However, considering XOR-gates always results in the chimera state.</jats:p>

<jats:p>We fabricated a microfluidic chip with simple structure and good sealing performance, and studied the influence of the electric field on THz absorption intensity of liquid samples treated at different times by using THz time domain spectroscopy system. The tested liquids were deionised water and CuSO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>, CuCl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, NaHCO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, Na<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> and NaCl solutions. The transmission intensity of the THz wave increases as the standing time of the electrolyte solution in the electric field increases. The applied electric field alters the dipole moment of water molecules in the electrolyte solution, which affects the vibration and rotation of the whole water molecules, breaks the hydrogen bonds in the water, increases the number of single water molecules and leads to the enhancement of the THz transmission spectrum.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>In our present work, we applied ex-situ casting procedure to prepare a nanocomposite (NCP) from Makrofol polycarbonate (PC) and CdSe nanoparticles. The CdSe nanoparticles were prepared by thermolysis procedure in the presence of N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> gas flow. Rietveld refinement of x-ray data illustrated that the CdSe accustoms cubic zinc blend structure of a 6.057 Å lattice parameter and 2 nm typical grain size. Samples from the prepared NCP were exposed to γ dosages (20-250 kGy). The modifications induced in the NCP films owing to γ dosages have been studied. The γ irradiation (50-250 kGy) causes the crosslinks that reduces the optical bandgap from 4.15 to 3.81 eV; associated with an increase in dielectric parameters and refractive index. This is attributed to the increase of the mass fraction of the disordered regions as specified by XRD. The PC-CdSe NCP was found to have reaction to color modification which makes it suitable in saleable reproduction on printing press.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Osmotic pressure can break the fluid balance between intracellular and extracellular solutions. In hypo-osmotic solution, water molecules, which transfer into the cell and burst, are driven by the concentrations difference of solute across the semi-permeable membrane. The complicated dynamic processes of the intermittent burst have been previously observed. However, the underlying physical mechanism has yet to be thoroughly explored and analyzed. Here, the intermittent release of inclusion in giant unilamellar vesicles was investigated quantitatively, applying the combination of experimental and theoretical methods in the hypo-osmotic medium. Experimentally, we adopted highly sensitive EMCCD to acquire intermittent dynamic images. Notably, the component of the vesicle phospholipids affected the stretch velocity, and the prepared solution of the vesicle adjusted the release time. Theoretically, we chose equations numerical simulations to quantify the dynamic process in phases and explored the influence of physical parameters such as bilayer permeability and solution viscosity on the process. It was concluded that the time taken to achieve the balance of giant unilamellar vesicles was highly dependent on the structure of the lipid molecular. The pore lifetime was strongly related with the internal solution environment of giant unilamellar vesicles. The vesicle prepared in viscous solution accessed visualized long-lived pore. Furthermore, the line tension was measured quantitatively by the release velocity of inclusion, which was in the same order of magnitude as the theoretical simulation. In all, the experimental values well matched the theoretical values. Our investigation clarified the physical regulatory mechanism of intermittent pore formation and inclusion release, which had an important reference for the development of novel technologies such as gene therapy based on transmembrane transport as well as controlled drug delivery based on liposomes.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Coding metasurfaces have attracted tremendous interests due to unique capabilities of manipulating electromagnetic wave. However, archiving transmissive coding metasurface is still challenging. Here we propose a transmissive anisotropic coding metasurface that enables the independent control of two orthogonal polarizations. The polarization beam splitter and the OAM generator have been studied as typical applications of anisotropic 2-bit coding metasurface. The simulated far field patterns illustrate that the x and y polarized electromagnetic waves are deflected into two different directions, respectively. The anisotropic coding metasurface has been experimentally verified to realize an orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam with <jats:italic>l</jats:italic> = 2 of right-handed polarized wave, resulting from both contributions from linear-to-circular polarization conversion and the phase profile modulation. This work is beneficial to enrich the polarization manipulation field and develop transmissive coding metasurfaces.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The influence of Dzyaloshkii-Moriya interaction (DMI) on the vortices reversal driven by an out-of-plane spin-polarized current in an off-centered nanocontact structure is investigated. The simulation results show that the DMI plays a vital role in vortex core reversal, including reversal current density, reversal velocity and reversal time. Under the influence of DMI, magnetic vortices still reverse polarity through the nucleation and annihilation of vortex and anti-vortex, with some peculiar characteristics. These results open up new possibilities for the applications of magnetic vortex-based spin-transfer encryption nano-storage.</jats:p>

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Herein, the surface characteristics of ZnO were synthetically optimized by a self-designed simultaneous etching and W-doping hydrothermal method utilizing the as-prepared ZnO nanorod (NR) array films as template. Benefiting from the etching and regrowth process and the different structure stability of the different faces of ZnO NRs, the uniquely etched and W-doped ZnO (EWZ) nanotube (NT) array films with larger surface area, more active sites and better energy band structure were conducted to improve the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance and the loading quality of CdS quantum dots (QDs). On the basis of better surface characteristics, the CdS QDs were uniformly loaded on EWZ NT array film with good coverage ratio and interface connection, which can effectively improve the light-harvesting ability, charge transportation and separation as well as charge injection efficiency during the PEC reaction. Therefore, all the CdS QDs sensitized EWZ NT array films exhibit significantly enhanced PEC performance. The CdS/EWZ-7 composite films exhibited the optimal photocurrent density with a value of 12 mA/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, which is 2.5 times higher than that of conventional CdS/ZnO-7 composite films under the same sensitization times of CdS QDs. Additionally, the corresponding etching and optimizing mechanisms were also discussed in present work.</jats:p>