Catálogo de publicaciones - libros

Considerable changes have taken place in Tashkent for the last years – industrial activity schemes and scales have been modified, car traffic has increased. The analysis of the impact of stationary industrial emission sources on the state of urban air pollution was carried out by using a long-term Gaussian model. The modelling results have been compared with observations obtained with a monitoring system for air pollution.

On the Krasnoyarsk region territory more than 80 kinds of emergency situations are possible. The natural ones are floods and disastrous freshets, forest fires, storms, snowfalls etc. The technogenic ones are nuclear contamination, big industrial accidents and fires, including the accidents with release of dangerous chemicals. Statistical risk analysis of emergency situations in the Krasnoyarsk region shows that the risk, connected with technogenic emergency situations, is on the level 25 deaths of people per year. The individual risk of death is about 2·10 men per year, the traumatism risk about 6·10 men per year, the risk of life conditions disturbance about 5·10 men per year. The death risk for men under emergency situations is considerably larger than the level of admissible risk specified in the European standards. It is one of the highest in the Eastern Siberia and in all Russia. This article gives a generalized approach to the estimation of industrial risk for the Krasnoyarsk region.

No previous investigations of airborne particulate and trace metal levels have been undertaken in the area surrounding the cement plant located in the vicinity of the town of Didouche Mourad. The impact of this plant has been the subject of much controversy. Data related to suspended matter would therefore be very useful and informative. This town with a population of 36500 is located 550 meters above sea level and north of the city of Constantine. It has been suspected of having an air pollution problem originating from the cement plant situated 3 km south of it. Modeling of airborne concentrations and total deposition rates of trace metals originating from the cement plant through the use of ISCST3 software allowed the estimation of the average exposure of the population and thus quantification of the human health risks for the year 2003. University flats which are situated at the tip of east Didouche Mourad were used as a reference area for the assessment of health hazards.

This report gives a short account on recent advances in the regional scale reconstruction of an accidental release of radionuclides. Variational techniques are used in conjunction with the Eulerian dispersion model Polair3D to determine the source of the release. New objective functions that better incorporate prior information on the source are designed and tested using observing system simulation experiment.

modern atmosphere-hydrosphere-biosphere model chains, convective boundary-layer models and parameterization packages represent the most important coupling agents, which essentially control the overall quality of predictions from coupled models. This paper focuses on the enhancement of turbulent mixing due to large-scale semi-organized eddies and interactions between large eddies and surface roughness elements up to very high obstacles such as buildings, rocks and hills. Large-scale structures in the shear-free convective boundary layers consist of strong plumes and wider but weaker downdraughts. Close to the surface they cause local ”convective winds“ blowing towards the plume axes. The latter generate turbulence, in addition to its generation by the buoyancy forces, and strongly contribute to the turbulent fluxes of heat and other scalars. This mechanism is especially important over very rough surfaces. The proposed model is validated against data from measurements over different sites and also through large-eddy simulation (LES) of convective boundary layers (CBLs) over a range of surfaces from very smooth to extremely rough. Excellent correspondence between model results, field observations and large-eddy simulations is achieved. The obtained resistance and heat/mass transfer laws are recommended for practical use inmeso-scale, weatherprediction, climate and other environmental models.

This paper presents a review of the factor separation (FS) technique and its fractional approach. The work focuses on two points. First, the FS methodology is applied to some fundamental mathematical functions. For each function we define the constrains for the factor values, by investigating the function under three different synergy states: synergy term equals zero; is opposite in its sign to the factors' contributions, or is dominant. Second, the application of the method is demonstrated with a simplified atmospheric problem with an analytical solution, i.e., the Haurwitz sea-breeze (SB) model. The FS method also assists in analyzing the effects of the dominant and secondary factors in given physical models that have analytical solutions. Study of factors with the FS methodology allows a better understanding of the various mechanisms and particularly the role of their interactions-synergies in atmospheric dynamics.

Basic questions concerning the statement of hydrothermodynamic problem of the system sea-land-atmosphere, which should become the basis for studying of geophysical and ecological processes in the natural environment of the Black Sea region, are considered. The basis of a coupled regional model is full systems of the ocean and atmosphere hydro-thermodynamic equations, equations of molecular heat conductivity in the soil active layer and heat balance of the underlying surface (water, land). The model consists of separate blocks, each of them represents mathematical model describing hydro-thermodynamic processes in separate objects of the environment. Statements of ecological problems, connected to distribution of polluting substances from known sources and definition of a probable location of a source in water medium on known pollution concentrations in the upper layers, are discussed.

In the current work there are shortly described several methods and prospective directions of mathematical and numerical modelling, that seem very promising and efficient for further application and investigation of problems of water and air quality control in water bodies and the atmosphere, respectively. Namely, for certain linear non-classical problems issues of existence and uniqueness, finite-difference are investigated and decomposition methods are developed for their solution.

Human activities such as industry, agriculture and sewage water discharge have considerable impact on water ecosystems and lead to their degradation. Quantitative evaluation of the environmental status of ecosystems with regard to various types of pollutants is an important factor in the river system management. Among various parameters, trace metal concentrations in water and in water organisms and sediments are widely used for environmental monitoring (Van der Oost et al., 1997; Sokal and Rohlf, 2000). The following problems are relevant to the management of complex natural systems: the level of pollution, probabilities of extreme pollution events, risks for human health, etc. (Levikov and Baumert, 2002). Here, integral ecological indices (henceforth referred to as “eco-indices”) represent a convenient tool. In this paper we demonstrate applications of eco-indices using measurements in the Danube River in 1995-1996. We distinguish between eco-indices characterising (i) variations of microbiological and hydro-chemical conditions in different parts of a water basin (Bashmakova, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2004; Muller et al., 2000); and (ii) hydro-chemical or ecological state of a region or the whole basin (Levikov and Baumert, 2002).

The benthos is one of the most important elements of the continental water ecosystems, which can be used as indicator of water pollution, as it reacts quickly to minor environmental changes. The distribution of benthic animals depends on substratum, quantity and composition of organic matter in sediments. The results of long-term studies of the qualitative and quantitative development of the benthos animals in Lake Sevan and its tributaries, as well as in the outlet River Hrazdan, show that using benthos as an indicator of water pollution of different origin gives workable data. Due to pollution, the species composition in some areas was changed. The organisms that preferred clean water (Trichoptera, Plecoptera) were replaced by organisms that are resistant to water pollution (Tubificidae, Chironomidae).