Catálogo de publicaciones - libros

The surveillance and management of water resources in the Carpathian basin of Romania involve the knowledge of snow pack evolution and the snow cover water equivalent estimation in different phases of the snowmelt-runoff season. The paper describes the practical methods developed in the Remote Sensing and GIS Laboratory of the National Meteorological Administration and presents the results obtained for basin snow cover area extent and snowline elevation determination, new snowfall identification, snow cover depletion curves, etc. The method for the evaluation of the water resources stored in the snow pack is based on the use of data from two investigation levels: satellite images and ground information. A complex georeferenced database, consisting of medium and high resolution satellite data (NOAA-AVHRR, TERRA MODIS, LANDSAT-TM, SPOT-XS), spatial terrain information derived from Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and other exogenous data (maps and ground measurements) was designed and implemented on PC-based computing systems. The GIS developed for the snow cover water resources management includes information on topography, land vegetation cover, land use, soil type, and hydro-meteorological parameters that could be used as separate layers or be interconnected in order to extract the necessary information for a correct and accurate estimation of the snow pack conditions and snow cover water storage during the winter-spring period. This methodology was applied to the main Carpathian catchments in Romania and two examples for the Arges and Bistrita catchments are presented The results obtained using this combined method allowed the permanent monitoring of the

The design of water line structures such as pipelines is a very complicated process since it depends on an iteration method which is not strongly mathematical. The main step depends on the designer who drives all the processes. This system of design produces many mistakes because the designer cannot consider all the objectives of the design. The design of pipelines requires an expert system. So if we want to produce the perfect plan of structures, which considers both technical and economical approaches, we have to use the expert knowledge of the designer in conjunction with maximum use of computer systems. This article concerns the development of a system for the complex design of pipelines. The software is called SEWDES and it was developed for designers to very quickly and perfectly design situations, develops longitudinal profiles, performs hydraulic calculations, and creates database statistics of the network. The outputs of the system are in DXF format, compatible with ACAD systems and expert hydrodynamic modeling systems such as MOUSE.

The paper has two major parts. The first part is about the water resources in the Crisuri River Basin. General information about the hydrographical network and a detailed analysis of water resources throughout the basin are provided. The present water resources, their distribution in time and space, and resources for future needs are described. The population served by centralized water supply systems, waste water systems and treatment water stations is presented and the future trends in the European Union integration context are discussed. The second part of the paper is about the water supply system in the City of Oradea, the most important town in the basin. The catchments, treatment and pumping of water in the system, transportation and delivery of the drinking water network are issues are discussed. The general city plan of the water delivery network, its present status and future trends are shown. How the drinking water quality is monitored and the security measures taken are shown in the last section of the second part. The conclusions present information about the sustainable management of water resources and improvement of water resource quality.

Water supplies are among the most critical infrastructures, such that their paralysis or destruction could weaken a country’s defensive or economic safety. A great deal of attention is being given to the preparation of preventive measures, safety plans and risk analyses of water supply vulnerability because they provide both basic a human need and are important for the health of towns and villages. There is a lack of complex emergency response plans for water companies in the Slovak Republic. Water companies have developed records for emergency and alternative water supply within frameworks of operative orders for water piping as stipulated by the Slovak Act on public water and sewage systems, or they have developed internal regulations on emergency supply solutions defining regulatory stages and responsibility of the operational staff. Emergency response plans are missing in such materials as well as the provisions on awareness of a crisis situation. Lately, much attention has been given to this issue and authorities have started to require the development of vulnerability assessment and emergency plans for water supplies.

The risk analysis represents a modern approach to determining the level of provision of drinking water supplies for the consumers and the safety of the whole drinking water supply system. The authors present the most frequently used methods of risk analyses of drinking water supply systems and address identification of qualitative as well as quantitative risks posed by the individual system components, the evaluation methods and interpretation of results. What is also described here are the basic principles of implementing the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) method and the possibility of transferring some experience and methods from other fields of industry, which might be more advanced in this area. The presented methods are demonstrated on a case study of a risk analysis concerning a selected section of a water supply system.