Catálogo de publicaciones - libros

In present day, there are a number of image data in the web because of the development of the image acquisition devices. So, many researchers have been studying about the image retrieval and management. Keyword matching, contents-based and concept-based methods are the basic studies for the image retrieval. In this paper, we suggest the new image retrieval methodology using the cognitive spatial relationships between the objects in the image. There were the similar studies already using the spatial relationships. However, the studies have the limitations and don’t give the good search results. We think to need the new methodology for representing the spatial relationships. It is the cognitive spatial relationships. In our study, we newly define the cognitive spatial relationships and apply it to the image retrieval system. At the result, we realized that our methodology makes possible the semantic image retrieval. Key words: Cognitive Spatial Relationships, Ontology, Semantic Web, Image Retrieval

In this chapter, we have addressed the issues of an IR beam extracted from a synchrotron ring, and reported on its potentiality for the investigation of the vibrational properties of interfaces, especially in the far IR spectral range, where conventional sources are too low in brightness. Several FTIR instruments are operating or being developed on several synchrotron rings and are expected to bring valuable quantitative information on the adsorbate-substrate bonding, as well as their vibrational dynamics. Accessing this information should be a critical step towards a better understanding of the energetics and the kinetics of interfacial processes, especially in electrochemical interfaces, where adsorption is always a competitive process between the ionic species and the solvent dipoles, which is controlled by the electrode potential.

The development of optical non-linear techniques benefits directly from the progress of the laser technology. In this respect, the Free electron laser offers a great advantage of producing a high power pulsed beam, tunable within a wide IR spectral range, allowing the simultaneous probe of several vibrational modes of the adsorbate. Combining the unique properties of the FEL with the high sensitivity and interface selectivity of SFG between centro-symmetric media allows the investigation of the vibrational properties of adsorbate species, with no interference from a signal of bulk species, which is forbidden in the electric dipole approximation. The recent experimental examples discussed in this lecture show clearly the advantage of this technique. The use of SFG, as well as various related second order optical processes, is increasing rapidly in various surface and interface research fields such as catalysis, corrosion, electrocatalysis, thanks to its versatility, its capability to probe any interface.

Over the last thirty years neutron spin echo spectroscopy has evolved from an ingenious concept to a powerful workhorse. Its many unique characteristics, including its wide dynamic range and ultra-high resolution, the ability to measure the intermediate scattering law directly, the simplicity of the resolution corrections, and the added advantage of polarization analysis of the scattering from the sample has ensured its position as an indispensable tool in studies of slow relaxation phenomena in all fields of condensed matter research. There is little doubt that the continually increasing sophistication of spin echo instrumentation will enable the effective implementation of powerful time-of-flight NSE techniques at the new high intensity third generation spallation sources now being built in the US and Japan, and being planned in Europe.

TOF spectroscopy is well suited to experiments that involve surveying large ranges in either energy transfer or energy and momentum transfer space. Developments in both instrumentation and experimental techniques have opened up new scientific opportunities and produced some outstanding results to date. These developments show every sign of continuing, fuelled by the opportunities for constructing stateof- the-art instrumentation for the next generation sources currently under construction or in planning.

Photoelectron spectroscopy is probably the best practical realization of the theorist’s dream of probing the properties of a single particle in an interacting many-body system. Remarkably, although photoemission is certainly a “highenergy” spectroscopy, the large excitation energy does not destroy even subtle signatures of correlations. On the contrary, the close connection with the oneparticle Green’s function ensures that the spectrum carries momentum-resolved information at all the relevant energy scales, down to the low-lying excitations that shape the thermodynamic properties. It was the goal of this chapter to illustrate this simple but important idea, which is validated by recent experimental results both on model systems and on exciting new materials. This guideline, and the continuous improvements in experimental conditions, namely exploiting the unique properties of SR sources, holds promise for exciting future developments.

In this chapter, we have addressed the issues of an IR beam extracted from a synchrotron ring, and reported on its potentiality for the investigation of the vibrational properties of interfaces, especially in the far IR spectral range, where conventional sources are too low in brightness. Several FTIR instruments are operating or being developed on several synchrotron rings and are expected to bring valuable quantitative information on the adsorbate-substrate bonding, as well as their vibrational dynamics. Accessing this information should be a critical step towards a better understanding of the energetics and the kinetics of interfacial processes, especially in electrochemical interfaces, where adsorption is always a competitive process between the ionic species and the solvent dipoles, which is controlled by the electrode potential.

The development of optical non-linear techniques benefits directly from the progress of the laser technology. In this respect, the Free electron laser offers a great advantage of producing a high power pulsed beam, tunable within a wide IR spectral range, allowing the simultaneous probe of several vibrational modes of the adsorbate. Combining the unique properties of the FEL with the high sensitivity and interface selectivity of SFG between centro-symmetric media allows the investigation of the vibrational properties of adsorbate species, with no interference from a signal of bulk species, which is forbidden in the electric dipole approximation. The recent experimental examples discussed in this lecture show clearly the advantage of this technique. The use of SFG, as well as various related second order optical processes, is increasing rapidly in various surface and interface research fields such as catalysis, corrosion, electrocatalysis, thanks to its versatility, its capability to probe any interface.