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Asia’s relative peace this past half century or more has underpinned its economic renaissance, along with regional cooperation, especially through ASEAN. But today, the relative stability of post-war Asia, led by the US, is being shaken by the rise of China and the power struggle between China and the US for political leadership of Asia. There is much debate about whether this will lead to military conflict between China and the US. In any event, the US seems to be losing its hold over Asia, something which will accelerate under the Trump administration. Asian countries will need to cooperate better together. But this will be a great challenge in light of the tensions involving China, North Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea and India.

This chapter assesses the prospects for Asia overcoming stunted economic and social development, and realizing an Asian Century with advanced economies and middle-class societies. This will depend on how Asia responds to the seven challenges identified in this book. Trump’s America will result in a deterioration in key factors that have driven Asia development—an open US market, a relatively benign security environment and a stable global economic system.

The future will likely see a world with increasingly divergent world. Asian countries like China, India and Indonesia will dominate the world economy thanks to enormous populations, but will be way behind the West in terms of GDP per capita, economic, business and technological sophistication. There are endless possibilities of economic, social, political and military crises in Asia.