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Título de Acceso Abierto

Counteracting Urban Heat Island Effects in a Global Climate Change Scenario

Resumen/Descripción – provisto por la editorial

No disponible.

Palabras clave – provistas por la editorial

Climate Change; Energy Efficiency; Remote Sensing; Photogrammetry; Physics

Disponibilidad
Institución detectada Año de publicación Navegá Descargá Solicitá
No requiere 2016 Directory of Open access Books acceso abierto
No requiere 2016 SpringerLink acceso abierto

Información

Tipo de recurso:

libros

ISBN impreso

978-3-319-10424-9

ISBN electrónico

978-3-319-10425-6

Editor responsable

Springer Nature

País de edición

Reino Unido

Fecha de publicación

Tabla de contenidos

Pilot Actions in European Cities – Stuttgart

Rayk Rinke; Rainer Kapp; Ulrich Reuter; Christine Ketterer; Joachim Fallmann; Andreas Matzarakis; Stefan Emeis

The field of urban climatology has a long tradition in Stuttgart. It exists as discipline in Stuttgart since 1938. Stuttgart was the first city to establish its own Department of Climatology to research ways of improving the flow of fresh air into the city and to reduce thermal stress in most populated city districts. The specialist department of Urban Climatology, within the Environmental Protection Office, deals with tasks relating to environmental meteorology within the scope of air pollution control and also relating to urban and global climate protection. So in Stuttgart the urban heat island phenomenon (UHI) is studied for several decades, leading to a high level understanding of the UHI and the problems which it causes. The UHI causes an increase in air temperatures and thermal stress, that are identified as most negative impacts on human health and urban living. In the view of global climate change and the predicted temperature rise for the Stuttgart region of 1.5–2 K in this century, the negative impacts of UHI on human health and urban living will become more problematic in the future. According to the results of climate models the frequency of very hot days is expected to jump by nearly 30 % at the end of the century. The rising temperatures due to the global climate change in combination with the temperature shift as a result of the UHI will intensify the heat stress in urban areas, that leads to a significant increasing risk to human health, in particular to the very young and elderly. Not least due its importance for the human health and the quality of urban life in Stuttgart, the UHI is focussed by urban planners and is noticed by the future development of the city.

Within the pilot action study in Stuttgart several measure for reducing the UHI and the impacts on urban living and human health are analysed by the use of micro-scale and macro-scale simulations. With the help of these analysis realisable measure are selected. The most useful measures are implemented into a development outline plan for the redevelopment of the city district Stuttgart-West by the municipal urban planners.

Part II - Pilot Actions in European Cities | Pp. 281-303

Urban Heat Island and Bioclimatic Comfort in Warsaw

Krzysztof Błażejczyk; Magdalena Kuchcik; Wojciech Dudek; Beata Kręcisz; Anna Błażejczyk; Paweł Milewski; Jakub Szmyd; Cezary Pałczyński

This chapter will introduce the UHI phenomena in Warsaw, in particular after a the definition of the pilot area, experimental microclimatic measurements were made in two housing estates, Koło and Włodarzewska, located at a similar distance from the city centre and from the city limits but different in terms of building periods and materials. A specific analysis of vegetation is provided to put in relationship UHI effects and allergenic factors. The case is completed by some solutions in terms of mitigation and adaptation to reduce urban warming impact.

Part II - Pilot Actions in European Cities | Pp. 305-321

Urban Heat Island in the Ljubljana City

Blaž Komac; Rok Ciglič; Alenka Loose; Miha Pavšek; Svetlana Čermelj; Krištof Oštir; Žiga Kokalj; Maja Topole

Ljubljana made the first climate mapping of the city in 2000, putting the differences in terms of UHI effects between the inner part of the city and the surrounding areas are quite evident. An efficient planning of city infrastructure takes into account increasing average temperatures in a city, and therefore provides solution to reduce and monitor the effect of its urban heat island. The chapter presents the urban heat island in the Ljubljana region, temperature modelling based on satellite data and UHI project pilot actions in the Ljubljana city.

Part II - Pilot Actions in European Cities | Pp. 323-344

Pilot Action in Budapest

Györgyi Baranka; R. Ongjerth; F. Szkordikisz; O. Kocsis

Pilot area chosen for evaluation is one of the biggest green investments of the latest 30 years: the area of this public park is 3.5 ha cost 500 million HUF. 2000 m water surface is 1.2 m deep Rehabilitation of Millenáris Park including reconstructions of main building and establishment of a public park costs 15 billions HUF. This is one of the intervention areas of local government (District II) in Budapest. Municipality has determined boarders of pilot area. Pilot area contains brownfield area, street canyon, public park, which were rehabilitated in the past and there is a big building, which will be destroyed in the future. Surface of the area is 0.48 km. Local meteorological measurements are continuously available to characterize changing in microclimate of pilot action. Urban planners, experts of green roof planning were involved in choosing pilot area for the UHI assessment.

Part II - Pilot Actions in European Cities | Pp. 345-372

Pilot Actions in European Cities – Prague

Michal Žák; Pavel Zahradníček; Petr Skalák; Tomáš Halenka; Dominik Aleš; Vladimír Fuka; Mária Kazmuková; Ondřej Zemánek; Jan Flegl; Kristina Kiesel; Radek Jareš; Jaroslav Ressler; Peter Huszár

This chapter describes results of pilot actions in Prague. Two different pilot areas were selected (Legerova street and Bubny-Holesovice quarter) with different modelling approach. Finally, the Green belt around Prague is studied as well. Different scenarios are tested and their results discussed. The matter of air quality is also analysed.

Part II - Pilot Actions in European Cities | Pp. 373-400